Cyropaedia: The Education of Cyrus

Cyropaedia: The Education of Cyrus is a book by Xenophon, first published in the 4th century BC. This influential classical work presents a partly historical, partly idealized account of the life and upbringing of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire. Drawing on his own experience as a soldier, historian, and student of Socrates, Xenophon explores leadership, governance, virtue, and the art of ruling—topics that have shaped political thought for centuries.

The narrative follows Cyrus from childhood to the height of his power, illustrating how discipline, moral instruction, and strategic thinking shaped his rise. While grounded in historical context, the book blends history with storytelling, creating a compelling portrait of a ruler whose wisdom and conduct offer a study in leadership. Readers interested in classical literature, ancient history, or educational philosophy will find rich material in Xenophon’s reflections on character formation and the responsibilities of authority.

Beyond its portrayal of Cyrus himself, the work offers keen insight into the customs, military strategies, and political structures of the ancient world. Xenophon examines the foundations of stable societies, the balance between justice and power, and the ways rulers win the loyalty of their people. These themes have kept the text relevant to students of history, governance, and ethics. This translation by Henry Graham Dakyns was originally published in 1890.