Against Apion

What It's About

This work is a detailed defence of Jewish history, culture, and religious tradition against criticisms made by Greek writers. Structured as a rebuttal to the claims of Apion and others, it argues that Jewish civilisation is both ancient and intellectually respectable. Drawing on historical records, philosophical reasoning, and comparative analysis, the text seeks to correct misconceptions and establish the credibility of Jewish sources.

Key Concepts

Central ideas include the antiquity of Jewish civilisation, the reliability of its historical records, and the contrast between Jewish traditions and Greek historiography. The work also explores themes of cultural identity, prejudice, and the role of history in shaping collective reputation.

Why It Matters

This text is one of the earliest surviving examples of a sustained defence of a cultural and religious tradition against external criticism. It provides valuable insight into ancient debates about history, identity, and credibility, and remains an important source for understanding both Jewish self-perception and Greco-Roman attitudes in the first century.

About the Author

Flavius Josephus was a first-century Jewish historian and scholar who lived during the Roman period. Originally involved in the Jewish revolt against Rome, he later became associated with the Roman imperial court and devoted himself to writing histories of the Jewish people. His works aim to explain and defend Jewish culture to a wider Greco-Roman audience.

About This Edition

This edition is based on the English translation by William Whiston, first published in the 18th century.