Ajax

Sophocles

This translation by R. C. Trevelyan was first published in 1919.

This online edition was created and published by Global Grey on the 19th November 2021.

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Dramatis Personae

ATHENA

ODYSSEUS

AJAX

CHORUS OF SALAMINIANS

TECMESSA, concubine of AJAX

MESSENGER

TEUCER, half-brother of AJAX

MENELAUS

AGAMEMNON

Mute Persons

EURYSACES, child of AJAX and TECMESSA

Attendants, Heralds, etc.

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Ajax

Before the tent of AJAX in the Greek camp at Troy. It is dawn. ODYSSEUS is discovered examining the ground before the tent. ATHENA appears from above.

ATHENA: Son of Laertes, ever do I behold thee

Scheming to snatch some vantage o'er thy foes.

And now among the tents that guard the ships

Of Ajax, camped at the army's outmost verge,

Long have I watched thee hunting in his trail,

And scanning his fresh prints, to learn if now

He be within or forth. Skilled in the chase

Thou seemest, as a keen-nosed Spartan hound.

For the man but now has passed within, his face

And slaughterous hands streaming with sweat and blood.

No further need for thee to peer about

Inside these doors. But say what eager quest

Is thine, that I who know may give thee light.

ODYSSEUS: Voice of Athena, dearest of Gods to me,

How clearly, though thou be invisible,

Do I hear thy call, and seize it with my soul,

As when a bronze-mouthed Tyrrhene trumpet sounds!

Rightly thou judgest that on a foe's trail,

Broad-shielded Ajax, I range to and fro.

Him, and no other, I have long been tracking.

This very night against us he has wrought

A deed incredible, if in truth 'tis he.

For we know nothing sure, but drift in doubt.

Gladly I assumed the burden of this task.

For not long since we found that our whole spoil

Had been destroyed, both herds and flocks, slaughtered

By some man's hand, their guardians dead beside them.

Now 'tis on him that all men lay this guilt:

And a scout who had seen him swiftly bounding

Across the plain alone with reeking sword,

Informed me and bore witness. I forthwith,

Darting in hot chase, now pick out his tracks,

But now, bewildered, know not whose they are.

Timely thou comest. As in past days, so

In days to come I am guided by thy hand.

ATHENA: I know it, Odysseus: so on the path betimes

A sentinel friendly to thy chase I came.

ODYSSEUS: Dear mistress, do I labour to good purpose?

ATHENA: Know 'twas by yonder man these deeds were wrought.

ODYSSEUS: And why did he so brandish a frenzied hand?

ATHENA: In grievous wrath for Achilles' panoply.

ODYSSEUS: Why then upon the flocks did he make this onslaught?

ATHENA: Your blood he deemed it was that stained his hand.

ODYSSEUS: Was this outrage designed against the Greeks?

ATHENA: He had achieved it too, but for my vigilance.

ODYSSEUS: What bold scheme could inspire such reckless daring?

ATHENA: By night he meant to steal on you alone.

ODYSSEUS: Did he come near us? Did he reach his goal?

ATHENA: He stood already at the two chiefs' doors.

ODYSSEUS: What then withheld his eager hand from bloodshed?

ATHENA: 'Twas I restrained him, casting on his eyes

O'ermastering notions of that baneful ecstasy,

That turned his rage on flocks and mingled droves

Of booty yet unshared, guarded by herdsmen.

Then plunging amid the thronging horns he slew,

Smiting on all sides; and one while he fancied

The Atreidae were the captives he was slaughtering,

Now 'twas some other chief on whom he fell.

And I, while thus he raved in maniac throes,

Urged him on, drove him into the baleful toils.

Thereafter, when he had wearied of such labours,

He bound with thongs such oxen as yet lived,

With all the sheep, and drove them to his tents,

As though his spoil were men, not horned cattle.

Now lashed together in the hut he tortures them.

But to thee too will I expose this madness,

That seeing thou mayst proclaim it to all the Greeks.

Boldly await him here, nor apprehend

Mischance; for I will turn aside his eyes,

Foiling his vision lest he see thy face.  (She calls to AJAX within

the tent.)  Hearken, thou who art pinioning with cords

The wrists of captives; hither, I bid thee, come.

Thou, Ajax, hear me: come to thy tent's door.

ODYSSEUS: What dost thou, Athena? Do not summon him forth.

ATHENA: Abide in silence. Earn not the name of coward.

ODYSSEUS: Nay, by the Gods, let him remain within.

ATHENA: What dost thou dread? Was he not once a man?

ODYSSEUS: Yes, and to me a foeman, and still is.

ATHENA: To mock foes, is not that the sweetest mockery?

ODYSSEUS: I am content he should remain indoors.

ATHENA: To look upon a madman art thou afeard?

ODYSSEUS: Had he been sane, no fear had made me shrink.

ATHENA: Even now he shall not see thee, near as thou art.

ODYSSEUS: How so, if still with the same eyes he sees?

ATHENA: His orbs will I make dark, though vision is theirs.

ODYSSEUS: Well, all is possible, when 'tis a god contrives.

ATHENA: Stand then silent, abiding as thou art.

ODYSSEUS: Stay I must; yet I fain would be far hence.

ATHENA: Ho, Ajax! Once again I summon thee.

So slight is thy regard for thine ally?  (AJAX appears in the tent

door, with a blood-stained scourge in his hand.) 

AJAX: Oh hail, Athena! Hail thou Zeus-born maid!

Nobly hast thou stood by me. Now will I crown thee

With trophies all of gold for this rich conquest.

ATHENA: Thy words are welcome. But now tell me this:

Hast thou dyed well thy sword in the Argive host?

AJAX: Such vaunt is mine. I disclaim not that glory.

ATHENA: Against the Atreidae didst thou arm thy hand?

AJAX: So that Ajax nevermore shall they insult.

ATHENA: The men are dead, if rightly I take thy meaning.

AJAX: Yes, dead. Now let them rob me of my arms.

ATHENA: 'Tis well. And what then of Laertes' son?

In what plight does he stand? Or has he escaped thee?

AJAX: Wouldst thou know where is that accursed fox?

ATHENA: Even so-Odysseus, thine old adversary.

AJAX: Goddess, a most dear captive in my tent

He sits. I do not mean him to die yet.

ATHENA: Till thou hast done what, gained what further vantage?

AJAX: Till bound fast to a pillar beneath my roof-

ATHENA: What evil wilt thou inflict on the poor wretch?

AJAX: His back the scourge must crimson ere he dies.

ATHENA: Nay, do not torture so the wretched man.

AJAX: Athena, in all else will I do thy will;

But his shall be no other doom than this.

ATHENA: Thou then, since thy delight is to act thus,

Smite, spare not, abate nought of thy intent.

AJAX: To my work I return: and thus I charge thee,

As now, so always fight thou upon my side.  (AJAX goes back into the

tent.) 

ATHENA: Seest thou, Odysseus, how great the strength of gods?

Whom couldst thou find more prudent than this man,

Or whom in act more valiant, when need called?

ODYSSEUS: I know none nobler; and I pity him

In his misery, albeit he is my foe,

Since he is yoked fast to an evil doom.

My own lot I regard no less than his.

For I see well, nought else are we but mere

Phantoms, all we that live, mere fleeting shadows.

ATHENA: Warned therefore by his fate, never do thou

Thyself utter proud words against the gods;

Nor swell with insolence, if thou shouldst vanquish

Some rival by main strength or by wealth's power.

For a day can bring all mortal greatness low,

And a day can lift it up. But the gods love

The wise of heart, the froward they abhor. 

(ATHENA vanishes and ODYSSEUS

departs. The CHORUS OF SALAMINIANS enters.) 

CHORUS:  (singing) Son of Telamon, lord of Salamis' isle,

On its wave-washed throne mid the breaking sea,

I rejoice when fair are thy fortunes:

But whene'er thou art smitten by the stroke of Zeus,

Or the vehement blame of the fierce-tongued Greeks,

Then sore am I grieved, and for fear I quake,

As a fluttering dove with a scared eye.

Even so by rumour murmuring loud

Of the night late-spent our ears are assailed.

'Tis a tale of shame, how thou on the plains

Where the steeds roam wild, didst ruin the Danaan

Flocks and herds,

Our spear-won booty as yet unshared,

With bright sword smiting and slaughtering.

Such now are the slanders Odysseus forges

And whispers abroad into all men's ears,

Winning easy belief: so specious the tale

He is spreading against thee; and each new hearer

Rejoices more than he who told,

Exulting in thy degradation.

For the shaft that is aimed at the noble of soul

Smites home without fail: but whoe'er should accuse me

Of such misdeeds, no faith would he win.

'Tis the stronger whom creeping jealousy strikes.

Yet small men reft of help from the mighty

Can ill be trusted to guard their walls.

Best prosper the lowly in league with the great;

And the great have need to be served by the less.

But none to the knowledge of such plain truths

May lead minds witless and froward.

Even such are the men who murmur against thee:

And vainly without thine aid, O King,

We strive to repel their accusing hate.

For whene'er they are safe from the scorn of thy glance,

They chatter and screech like bids in a flock:

But smitten with dread of the powerful vulture,

Doubtless at once, should'st thou but appear,

They will cower down dumbly in silence.

(strophe)

Was it the Tauric Olympian Artemis,

(Oh, the dread rumour of woe,

Parent of my grievous shame!)

Who drove thee forth to slaughter the herds of the people,

In wrath perchance for some unpaid-for victory,

Whether defrauded of glorious spoil, or offerings

Due for a stag that was slain?

Or did the bronze-clad Demon of battle, aggrieved

On him who scorned the might of his succouring spear,

Plot revenge by nightly deception?

(antistrophe)

Ne'er of itself had thy heart, son of Telamon,

Strayed into folly so far

As to murder flocks and herds.

Escape from heaven-sent madness is none: yet Apollo

And Zeus avert these evil rumours of the Greeks.

But should the story be false, these crafty slanders

Spread by the powerful kings,

And by the child of the infamous Sisyphid line,

No more, my master, thus in the tent by the sea

Hide thy countenance, earning an ill fame.

(epode)

Nay, but arise from thy seat, where'er so long wrapt in

Brooding pause from the battle thou hast lurked: arise,

Heaven-high kindle the flame of death.

But the insolence of thy foes boldly

Thus wanders abroad in the wind-swept glens.

Meanwhile all men mocking

With venomous tongues taunt thee:

But grief in my heart wanes not. 

(TECMESSA enters. The following

lines between TECMESSA and the CHORUS are chanted responsively.)

TECMESSA: Liegemen of Ajax, ship-companions,

Ye children of earth-sprung Erechthid race,

Lamentation is now our portion, to whom

Dear is the far-off house of Telamon,

Now that the stern and terrible Ajax

Lies whelmed by a storm

Of turbid wildering fury.

CHORUS: To what evil change from the day's woe now

Has night given birth?

Thou daughter of Phrygian Teleutas, speak;

For a constant love has valiant Ajax

Borne thee, his spear-won prisoner bride.

Then hide from us nought that thou knowest.

TECMESSA: How to utter a tale of unspeakable things!

For disastrous as death is the hap you will hear.

In the darkness of night madness has seized

Our glorious Ajax: he is ruined and lost.

Hereof in the tent may proof be seen;

Sword-slain victims in their own blood bathed,

By his hand sacrificially slaughtered.

CHORUS: (strophe)

What tidings of the fiery warrior tellest thou,

Not to be borne, nor yet to be disputed,

Rumoured abroad by the chiefs of the Danaan host,

Mightily still spreading and waxing!

Woe's me! I dread the horror to come. Yea, to a public death doomed

Will he die, if in truth his be the hand that wielded

The red sword that in frenzy hath slain the herds and mounted herdsmen.

TECMESSA: Ah me! Thence was it, thence that he came to me

Leading his captive flock from the pastures!

Thereof in the tent some did he slaughter,

Others hewed he asunder with slashing sword;

Then he caught up amain two white-footed rams,

Sliced off from the one both the head and the tongue,

And flings them away;

But the other upright to a pillar he binds,

Then seizing a heavy horse-harnessing thong

He smites with the whistling doubled lash,

Uttering fierce taunts which an evil fiend

No mere mortal could have taught him.

CHORUS: (antistrophe)

'Tis time that now each with shamefully muffled head

Forth from the camp should creep with stealthy footsteps.

Nay, on the ship let us muster, and benched at the oars

Over the waves launch her in swift flight.

Such angry threats sound in our ears hurled by the brother princes,

The Atreidae: and I quake, fearing a death by stoning,

The dread portion of all who would share our hapless master's ruin.

TECMESSA: Yet hope we: for ceased is the lightning's flash:

His rage dies down like a fierce south-wind.

But now, grown sane, new misery is his;

For on woes self-wrought he gazes aghast,

Wherein no hand but his own had share;

And with anguish his soul is afflicted.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS: Nay, if 'tis ceased, there is good cause to

hope.

Once 'tis past, of less moment is his frenzy.

TECMESSA: And which, were the choice thine, wouldst thou prefer,

To afflict thy friends and feel delight thyself,

Or to share sorrow, grieving with their grief?

LEADER: The twofold woe, lady, would be the greater.

TECMESSA: Then we, though plagued no more, are undone now.

LEADER: What mean thy words? Their sense is dark to me.

TECMESSA: Yonder man, while his spirit was diseased,

Himself had joy in his own evil plight,

Though to us, who were sane, he brought distress.

But now, since he has respite from his plague,

He with sore grief is utterly cast down,

And we likewise, no less than heretofore.

Are there not here two woes instead of one?

LEADER: Yes truly. And I fear, from some god came

This stroke; how else? if, now his frenzy is ceased,

His mind has no more ease than when it raged.

TECMESSA: 'Tis even as I said, rest well assured.

LEADER: But how did this bane first alight upon him?

To us who share thy grief show what befell.

TECMESSA: Thou shalt hear all, as though thou hadst been present.

In the middle of the night, when the evening braziers

No longer flared, he took a two-edged sword,

And fain would sally upon an empty quest.

But I rebuked him, saying: "What doest thou,

Ajax? Why thus uncalled wouldst thou go forth?

No messenger has summoned thee, no trumpet

Roused thee. Nay, the whole camp is sleeping still."

But curtly he replied in well-worn phrase:

"Woman, silence is the grace of woman."

Thus schooled, I yielded; and he rushed out alone.

What passed outside the tent, I cannot tell.

But in he came, driving lashed together

Bulls, and shepherd dogs, and fleecy prey.

Some he beheaded, the wrenched-back throats of some

He slit, or cleft their chines; others he bound

And tortured, as though men they were, not beasts.

Last, darting through the doors, as to some phantom

He tossed words, now against the Atreidae, now

Taunting Odysseus, piling up huge jeers

Of how he had gone and wreaked his scorn upon them.

Soon he rushed back within the tent, where slowly

And hardly to his reason he returned.

And gazing round on the room filled with havoc,

He struck his head and cried out; then amidst

The wrecks of slaughtered sheep a wreck he fell,

And sat clutching his hair with tight-clenched nails.

There first for a long while he crouched speechless;

Then did he threaten me with fearful threats,

If I revealed not all that had befallen him,

Asking what meant the plight wherein he lay.

And I, friends, terror-stricken, told him all

That had been done, so far as I had knowledge.

Forthwith he broke forth into bitter wailing,

Such as I ne'er had heard from him before

For always had he held that such laments

Befitted cowards only, and low-souled men:

But uttering no shrill cries, he would express

His grief in low groans, as of a moaning bull.

But now prostrate beneath so great a woe,

Not tasting food nor drink, he sits among

The sword-slain beasts, motionless where he sank.

And plainly he meditates some baleful deed,

For so portend his words and lamentations.

But, O friends!-'twas for this cause I came forth-

Enter and help, if help at all you can:

For by friends' words men so bestead are won.

LEADER: Child of Teleutas, fearful are thy tidings,

That our prince has been maddened by his griefs.

AJAX:  (within) Alas! Woe, woe!

TECMESSA: Soon, I fear, worse will follow. Heard you not?

'Twas Ajax. Oh, how dreadful was that cry.

AJAX: Alas! Woe, woe!

LEADER: He seems either still frenzied, or else grieving

For his past frenzies, now he sees their work.

AJAX: Alas! My son, my son!

TECMESSA: Woe's me! Eurysaces, 'tis for thee he calls.

What can he purpose?-Where art thou?-Ah, woe!

AJAX: Teucer, come!-Where is Teucer? Will he never

Come back from cattle-raiding?-while I perish!

LEADER: He seems in his right mind. But open the doors.

Perhaps even the sight of me may sober him.  (She opens the doors

of the tent. AJAX is revealed sitting among the slain beasts.)

TECMESSA: See, I have opened. You may now behold

What he has done, and in what plight he lies.

AJAX:  (chanting) Alas!

My shipmates and friends, you that alone to me

Loyal and true remain, of all friends alone,

Behold how great a billow lately rising from the storm of blood

Surging around engulphs me!

LEADER: Ah me, too true, it seems, was thy report.

This sight reveals the work of no sane mind.

AJAX:  (chanting) Alas!

My mates, skilled and tried in brave seamanship,

Ye who embarking drove the wave-cleaving oar,

In you, in you alone I see a help and refuge from despair.

Smite me, and spill my blood too.

LEADER: Keep silence from dread words; nor curing ill

By ill, so swell the misery of this curse.

AJAX:  (chanting) Behold now the bold, the man stout of heart,

Who ne'er shrank in fight against foes-behold

How I have spent my rage on beasts that feared no harm!

Ah me, the mockery! To what shame am I brought low

TECMESSA: Ajax, my master, I entreat thee, speak not so.

AJAX:  (chanting) Away hence, I command thee! Take thyself elsewhere.

Aiai! Aiai!

LEADER: Oh, by the Gods, we pray thee, yield to wisdom's voice.

AJAX:  (chanting) Oh, wretch that I was to allow

Those cursed foes to slip from my hands, and assaulting

Horned kine and goodly flocks, madly to spill

Their life in streams of dark blood!

LEADER: Why still be afflicted, now the deed is done past cure?

Never can these things be as though they had not been.

AJAX:  (chanting) Thou all-spying knave, of all deeds of shame

The prompt, easy tool, Odysseus the wise!

Villain, of all the camp the most foul and vile!

Huge laughter doubtless shakes thee now for sheer delight.

LEADER: As God appoints, so every man laughs or laments.

AJAX:  (chanting) Would I might meet him, crushed and broken though

I be.

Alas! Woe, woe!

LEADER: Speak no proud words. Seest thou not to what woe thou art

sunk?

AJAX:  (chanting) O Zeus, of my fathers the sire,

Might I but kill that hateful and crafty dissembler,

Yea, and those two brother kings, partners in pride,

Then last myself too perish!

TECMESSA: If thus thou prayest, pray therewith for me, that

Die with thee. Why, when thou art dead, should I live on?

AJAX:  (chanting) Alas!

Shadow that art my light!

Erebus, oh to me verily bright as day!

Receive, receive me your habitant.

Receive me now no more worthy to seek help of the gods,

Nor any more from fellow mortal men to claim kindness:

No, but she the strong

Zeus-born deity

Miserably tortures me.

Whither should I then flee?

Whither seek for rest?

Since my former glory is gone, my friends,

With yonder victims, yonder spoils by frenzy won,

Since all the host with swords uplifted

Sternly would slay me,

TECMESSA: Ah, woe is me! from such a noble warrior

To hear such words as once he ne'er had deigned to speak!

AJAX:  (chanting) Alas!

Billowy paths of foam,

Eddying caves, and ye coppices by the shore,

A weary, weary time tarrying here

Beneath the walls of Troy me have you kept, but from this hour

Alive you shall not keep me. Truth I speak: let none doubt it.

O Scamander's wave,

Stream whose neighbouring flow

Oft have the Argives blest,

Never, nevermore

Me shall you behold,

Me (a proud word will I utter now)

Whose peer in battle Troy has never seen yet come

From Hellas' land: but now dishonoured

Thus am I prostrate.

LEADER: In truth I know not how to restrain thy speech, nor yet

To suffer it; so grievous is thy couch of woe.

AJAX: Aiai! Who ever would have thought my name

Would harmonise so aptly with my woes?

For now well may I wail that sound out twice,

Yea thrice; such woeful destinies are mine,

Whose father from this land of Ida won

Fame's noblest guerdon over the whole host,

And crowned with praises only sailed back home;

But I, his son, who to the self-same Troy

Came after him, in might no less than he,

Nor rendering meaner service by my deeds,

Dishonoured by the Argives perish thus.

Yet this methinks I know for truth, were now

Achilles living and called on to adjudge

As the award of valour his own arms,

No man's hand would have grasped them before mine.

But now the Atreidae to a scheming knave

Have dealt them, thrusting by my valiant deeds.

And if these eyes, these wits had not in frenzy

Swerved from my purpose, never would they thus

Pervert judgment against another man.

But the irresistible fierce-eyed goddess, even

As I was arming my right hand to slay them,

Foiled me, smiting me with a maddening plague,

So that I stained my hand butchering these cattle.

Thus my foes mock me, escaped beyond my reach,

Through no goodwill of mine: but if a god

Thwart vengeance, even the base may escape the nobler.

And what should I now do, who manifestly

To Heaven am hateful; whom the Greeks abhor,

Whom every Trojan hates, and this whole land?

Shall I desert the beached ships, and abandoning

The Atreidae, sail home o'er the Aegean sea?

With what face shall I appear before my father

Telamon? How will he find heart to look

On me, stripped of my championship in war,

That mighty crown of fame that once was his?

No, that I dare not. Shall I then assault

Troy's fortress, and alone against them all

Achieve some glorious exploit and then die?

No, I might gratify the Atreidae thus.

That must not be. Some scheme let me devise

Which may prove to my aged sire that I,

His son, at least by nature am no coward.

For 'tis base for a man to crave long life

Who endures never-varying misery.

What joy can be in day that follows day,

Bringing us close then snatching us from death?

As of no worth would I esteem that man

Who warms himself with unsubstantial hopes.

Nobly to live, or else nobly to die

Befits proud birth. There is no more to say.

LEADER: The word thou hast uttered, Ajax, none shall call

Bastard, but the true offspring of thy soul.

Yet pause. Let those who love thee overrule

Thy resolution. Put such thoughts aside.

TECMESSA: O my lord Ajax, of all human ills

Greatest is fortune's wayward tyranny.

Of a free father was I born the child,

One rich and great as any Phrygian else.

Now am I a slave; for so the gods, or rather

Thy warrior's hand, would have it. Therefore since

I am thy bedfellow, I wish thee well,

And I entreat thee by domestic Zeus,

And by the embraces that have made me thine,

Doom me not to the cruel taunts of those

Who hate thee, left a bond-slave in strange hands.

For shouldst thou perish and forsake me in death,

That very day assuredly I to

Shall be seized by the Argives, with thy son

To endure henceforth the portion of a slave.

Then one of my new masters with barbed words

Shall wound me scoffing: "See the concubine

Of Ajax, who was mightiest of the host,

What servile tasks are hers who lived so daintily!"

Thus will men speak, embittering my hard lot,

But words of shame for thee and for thy race.

Nay, piety forbid thee to forsake

Thy father in his drear old age-thy mother

With her sad weight of years, who many a time

Prays to the gods that thou come home alive.

And pity, O king, thy son, who without thee

To foster his youth, must live the orphaned ward

Of loveless guardians. Think how great a sorrow

Dying thou wilt bequeath to him and me.

For I have nothing left to look to more

Save thee. By thy spear was my country ravaged;

And by another stroke did fate lay low

My mother and my sire to dwell with Hades.

Without thee then what fatherland were mine?

What wealth? On thee alone rests all my hope.

O take thought for me too. Do we not owe

Remembrance, where we have met with any joy?

For kindness begets kindness evermore

But he who from whose mind fades the memory

Of benefits, noble is he no more.

LEADER: Ajax, would that thy soul would feel compassion,

As mine does; so wouldst thou approve her words.

AJAX: Verily my approval shall she win,

If only she find heart to do my bidding.

TECMESSA: Dear Ajax, in all things will I obey.

AJAX: Then bring me here my son, for I would see him.

TECMESSA: Nay, but I sent him from me in my fears.

AJAX: During my late affliction, is that thy meaning?

TECMESSA: Lest by ill chance he should meet thee and so perish.

AJAX: Yes, that would have been worthy of my fate.

TECMESSA: That at least I was watchful to avert.

AJAX: I praise thine act and the foresight thou hast shown.

TECMESSA: Since that is so, what shall I do to serve thee?

AJAX: Let me speak to him and behold his face.

TECMESSA: He is close by in the attendants' charge.

AJAX: Why is his coming then so long delayed?

TECMESSA:  (calling) My son, thy father calls thee.-Bring him thither

Whichever of you is guiding the child's steps.

AJAX: Is the man coming? Has he heard thy call?

TECMESSA: See, he is here already with the child.  (An attendant enters,

leading the child, EURYSACES.) 

AJAX: Lift him up, lift him hither. He will not shrink

In terror at sight of yonder new-spilt blood,

If he be rightly mine, his father's son.

Early must he be broken to his sire's

Stern rugged code, and grow like-natured with him.

O son, mayst thou prove happier than thy father,

In all else like him, and thou'lt prove not base.

Yet even now might I envy thee herein,

That of these woes thou hast no sense at all.

For the life that is unconscious is most sweet-

Until we learn what joy and sorrow are.

But that once learnt, then midst thy father's foes

Thou must show what thou art, and of what breed.

Till then be nurtured on soft airs, cherishing

Thy tender life, and be thy mother's joy.

None of the Greeks, I know, will do thee wrong

With cruel outrage, even though I be gone.

So trusty a guardian will I leave thee, Teucer,

Who will not stint his loving care, though now

He is gone far away, in chase of foes.

But you, my warriors, comrades in seafaring,

On you too I impose this task of love;

And fail not to announce my will to Teucer,

That to my home he take the child and show him

To Telamon and my mother Eriboea,

That henceforth he may comfort their old age.

And charge him that no game-steward make my arms

A prize for the Greeks-nor he who ruined me.

But this take thou, my son Eurysaces;

Hold it and wield it by its firm-stitched thong,

This sevenfold spear-proof shield, whence comes thy name.

But else with me my arms shall be interred.  (Speaking now to TECMESSA)

Come, take the child hence quickly, and bolt the doors:

And let there be no weeping and lamenting

Before the hut. Women love tears too well.

Close quickly. It is not for a skilful leech

To drone charms o'er a wound that craves the knife.

LEADER: I am fearful, listening to this eager mood.

The sharp edge of thy tongue, I like it not.

TECMESSA: O my lord Ajax, what art thou purposing?

AJAX: Question me not. To be discreet is best.

TECMESSA: Ah me, heavy is my heart. Now by thy child,

By the gods, I entreat, forsake us not.

AJAX: Vex me no further. Know'st thou not that I

To the gods owe no duty any more?

TECMESSA: Utter no proud words.

AJAX: Speak to those who listen.

TECMESSA: Wilt thou not heed?

AJAX: Too much thou hast spoken already.

TECMESSA: Yes, through my fears, O king.

AJAX: Close the doors quickly.

TECMESSA: For the gods' love, relent.

AJAX: 'Tis a foolish hope,

If thou shouldst now propose to school my mood. 

(The doors are closed

upon AJAX. TECMESSA goes out with EURYSACES.) 

CHORUS:  (singing, strophe 1)

O famed Salamis, thou amidst

Breaking surges abidest ever

Blissful, a joy to the eyes of all men.

But I the while long and wearily tarrying

Through countless months still encamped on the fields of Ida

In misery here have made my couch,

By time broken and worn,

In dread waiting the hour

When I shall enter at last the terrible shadow abode of Hades.

(antistrophe 1)

Now dismays me a new despair,

This incurable frenzy (woe, ah

Woe's me!) cast by the gods on Ajax,

Whom thou of old sentest forth from thy shores, a strong

And valiant chief; but now, to his friends a sore grief,

Devouring his lonely heart he sits.

His once glorious deeds

Are now fallen and scorned,

Fallen to death without love from the loveless and pitiless sons of

Atreus.

(strophe 2)

His mother, 'tis most like, burdened with many days,

And whitened with old age, when she shall hear how frenzy

Has smitten his soul to ruin,

Ailinon! ailinon!

Will break forth her despair, not as the nightingale's

Plaintive, tender lament, no, but in passion's wailing

Shrill-toned cries; and with fierce strokes

Wildly smiting her bosom,

In grief's anguish her hands will rend her grey locks.

(antistrophe 2)

Yea, better Hell should hide one who is sick in soul,

Though there be none than he sprung from a nobler lineage

Of the war-weary Greeks, yet

Strayed from his inbred mood

Now amidst alien thoughts dwells he a stranger.

Hapless father! alas, bitter the tale that waits thee,

Thy son's grievous affliction.

No life save his alone

Of Aeacid kings such a curse has ever haunted. 

(AJAX enters, carrying

a sword. As he speaks, TECMESSA also enters.) 

AJAX: All things the long and countless lapse of time

Brings forth. displays, then hides once more in gloom.

Nought is too strange to look for; but the event

May mock the sternest oath, the firmest will.

Thus I, who late so strong, so stubborn seemed

Like iron dipped, yet now grow soft with pity

Before this woman, whom I am loath to leave

Midst foes a widow with this orphaned child.

But I will seek the meadows by the shore:

There will I wash and purge these stains, if so

I may appease Athena's heavy wrath.

Then will I find some lonely place, where I

May hide this sword, beyond all others cursed,

Buried where none may see it, deep in earth.

May night and Hades keep it there below.

For from that hour my hand accepted it,

The gift of Hector, deadliest of my foes,

Nought from the Greeks towards me hath sped well.

So now I find that ancient proverb true,

Foes' gifts are no gifts: profit bring they none.

Therefore henceforth I study to obey

The Gods, and reverence the sons of Atreus.

Our rulers are they: we must yield. How else?

For to authority yield all things most dread

And mighty. Thus must Winter's snowy feet

Give place to Summer with her wealth of fruits;

And from her weary round doth Night withdraw,

That Day's white steeds may kindle heaven with light.

After fierce tempest calm will ever lull

The moaning sea; and Sleep, that masters all,

Binds life awhile, yet loosens soon the bond.

And who am I that I should not learn wisdom?

Of all men I, whom proof hath taught of late

How so far only should we hate our foes

As though we soon might love them, and so far

Do a friend service, as to one most like

Some day to prove our foe; since oftenest men

In friendship but a faithless haven find.

Thus well am I resolved.  (To TECMESSA)  Thou, woman, pass

Within, and pray the gods that all things so

May be accomplished as my heart desires.

And you, friends, heed my wishes as she doth;

And when he comes, bid Teucer he must guard

My rights at need, and withal stand your friend.

For now I go whither I needs must pass.

Do as I bid. Soon haply you shall hear,

With me, for all this misery, 'tis most well. 

(AJAX departs. TECMESSA

goes into the tent.) 

CHORUS:  (singing, strophe)

I thrill with rapture, flutter on wings of ecstasy.

Io, Io, Pan, Pan!

O Pan, Pan! from the stony ridge,

Snow-bestrewn of Cyllene's height

Appear roving across the waters,

O dance-ordering king of gods,

That thou mayst join me in flinging free

Fancy measures of Nysa and of Cnossus.

Yea for the dance I now am eager.

And over the far Icarian billows come, O king Apollo,

From Delos in haste, come thou,

Thy kindly power here in our midst revealing.

(antistrophe)

Ares hath lifted horror and anguish from our eyes.

Io, Io! Now again,

Now, O Zeus, can the bright and blithe

Glory of happier days return

To our swift-voyaging ships, for now

Hath Ajax wholly forgot his grief,

And all rites due to the gods he now

Fain would meetly perform with loyal worship.

Mighty is time to dwindle all things.

Nought would I call too strange for belief, when Ajax thus beyond

hope

Hath learnt to repent his proud feuds,

And lay aside anger against the Atreidae. 

(A MESSENGER enters.)

MESSENGER: My friends, these tiding I would tell you first:

Teucer is present, from the Mysian heights

But now returned, and in the central camp

By all the Greeks at once is being reviled.

As he drew near they knew him from afar,

Then gathering around him one and all

With taunts assailed him from this side and that,

Calling him kinsman of that maniac,

That plotter against the host, saying that nought

Should save him; stoned and mangled he must die.

And so they had come to such a pitch that swords

Plucked from their sheaths stood naked in men's hands.

Yet when the strife ran highest, it was stayed

By words from the elders and so reconciled.

But where is Ajax? I must speak with him.

He whom it most concerns must be told all.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS: He is not within, but has just now gone forth

With a new purpose yoked to a new mood.

MESSENGER: Alas! Alas!

Then too late on this errand was I sped

By him who sent me; or I have proved too slow.

LEADER: What urgent need has been neglected here?

MESSENGER: Teucer forbade that Ajax should go forth

Outside his hut, till he himself should come.

LEADER: Well, he is gone. To wisest purpose now

His mind is turned, to appease heaven's wrath.

MESSENGER: These words of thine are filled with utter folly,

If there was truth in Calchas' prophecy.

LEADER: What prophecy? And what know you of this thing?

MESSENGER: Thus much I know, for by chance I was present.

Leaving the circle of consulting chiefs

Where sat the Atreidae, Calchas went aside,

And with kind purpose grasping Teucer's hand

Enjoined him that by every artifice

He should restrain Ajax within his tents

This whole day, and not leave him to himself,

If he wished ever to behold him alive.

For on this day alone, such were his words,

Would the wrath of divine Athena vex him.

For the overweening and unprofitable

Fall crushed by heaven-sent calamities

(So the seer spoke), whene'er one born a man

Has conceived thoughts too high for man's estate:

And this man, when he first set forth from home,

Showed himself foolish, when his father spoke to him

Wisely: "My son, seek victory by the spear;

But seek it always with the help of heaven."

Then boastfully and witlessly he answered:

"Father, with heaven's help a mere man of nought

Might win victory: but I, albeit without

Their aid, trust to achieve a victor's glory."

Such was his proud vaunt. Then a second time

Answering divine Athena, when she urged him

To turn a slaughterous hand upon his foes,

He gave voice to this dire, blasphemous boast:

"Goddess, stand thou beside the other Greeks.

Where I am stationed, no foe shall break through."

By such words and such thoughts too great for man

Did he provoke Athena's pitiless wrath.

But if he lives through this one day, perchance,

Should heaven be willing, we may save him yet.

So spoke the seer; and Teucer from his seat

No sooner risen, sent me with this mandate

For you to observe. But if we have been forestalled,

That man lives not, or Calchas is no prophet.

LEADER:  (calling) Woful Tecmessa, woman born to sorrow,

Come forth and hear this man who tells of a peril

That grazes us too close for our mind's ease.  (TECMESSA enters from

the tent.) 

TECMESSA: Why alas do you break my rest again

After brief respite from relentless woes?

LEADER: Give hearing to this messenger, who brings

Tidings that grieve me of how Ajax fares.

TECMESSA: Ah me, what sayest thou, man? Are we undone?

MESSENGER: I know not of thy fortune; but for Ajax,

If he be gone abroad, my mind misgives.

TECMESSA: Yes, he is gone. I am racked to know thy meaning.

MESSENGER: Teucer commands you to keep him within doors,

And not to let him leave his tent alone.

TECMESSA: And where is Teucer, and why speaks he thus?

MESSENGER: He has but now returned, and he forebodes

That this going-forth will prove fatal to Ajax.

TECMESSA: Woe's me, alas! From whom has he learned this?

MESSENGER: From the seer, Thestor's son, this very day,

Which is fraught either with his death or life.

TECMESSA: Ah me, my friends, avert this threatening doom

Speed some of you to hasten Teucer hither:

Others go search the bays, some west, some east,

And track my lord's ill-omened going-forth.

Yes, now I know I have been deceived by him,

And from his former favour quite cast out.

Alas, child, what shall I do? Sit still I must not:

But far as I have strength I too will go.

Let us start quickly-'tis no time for loitering,

If we would save one who is in haste to die.

LEADER: I am ready, as not words alone shall prove,

But speed of act and foot to make words good. 

(The CHORUS, TECMESSA

and MESSENGER go out. The scene changes to a lonely place by the sea-shore.

Bushes and under- brush are in the background. AJAX enters alone.)

AJAX: The slayer stands so that his edge may cleave

Most surely (if there be leisure for such thought),

Being the gift of Hector, of all friends

Most unloved, and most hateful to my sight.

Then it is planted in Troy's hostile soil,

New-sharpened on the iron-biting whet.

And heedfully have I planted it, that so

With a swift death it prove to me most kind.

Thus have I made all ready. Next be thou

The first, O Zeus, to aid me, as is right.

It is no mighty boon that I shall crave.

Send some announcer of the evil news

To Teucer, that he first may lift me up,

When I have fallen upon this reeking sword,

Lest ere he come some enemy should espy me

And cast me forth to dogs and birds a prey.

This, O Zeus, I entreat thee, and likewise call

On Hermes, guide to the underworld, to lay me

Asleep without a struggle, at one swift bound,

When I have thrust my heart through with this sword.

Next I call on those maidens ever-living

And ever watchful of all human miseries,

The dread swift-striding Erinyes, that they mark

How by the Atreidae I have been destroyed:

And these vile men by a vile doom utterly

May they cut off, even as they see me here.

Come, O ye swift avenging Erinyes,

Spare not, touch with affliction the whole host.

And thou, whose chariot mounts up the steep sky,

Thou Sun, when on the land where I was born

Thou shalt look down, check thy gold-spangled rein,

And announce my disasters and my doom

To my aged sire and her who nurtured me.

She, woful woman, when she hears these tidings

Will wail out a loud dirge through all the town.

But I waste labour with this idle moan.

The act must now be done, and that with speed.

O Death, Death, come now and look upon me.-

No, 'tis there I shall meet and speak to thee.

But thee, bright daylight which I now behold,

And Helios in his chariot I accost

For this last time of all, and then no more.

O sunlight! O thou hallowed soil, my own

Salamis, stablished seat of my sire's hearth,

And famous Athens, with thy kindred race,

And you, ye springs and streams, and Trojan plains,

Farewell, all ye who have sustained my life.

This is the last word Ajax speaks to you.

All else in Hades to the dead will I say. 

(He falls on his sword.

His body lies partially concealed by the underbrush. SEMI-CHORUS 1

enters.) 

SEMI-CHORUS 1:  (chanting) 'Tis toil on toil, and toil again.

Where! where!

Where have not my footsteps been?

And still no place reveals the secret of my search.

But hark!

There again I hear a sound. 

(SEMI-CHORUS 2 enters.) 

SEMI-CHORUS 2:  (chanting) 'Tis we, the ship-companions of your voyage.

SEMI-CHORUS 1:  (chanting) Well how now?

SEMI-CHORUS 2:  (chanting) We have searched the whole coast westward

from the ship.

SEMI-CHORUS 1:  (chanting) You have found nought?

SEMI-CHORUS 2:  (chanting) A deal of toil, but nothing more to see.

SEMI-CHORUS 1:  (chanting) Neither has he been found along the path

That leads from the eastern glances of the sun.

CHORUS:  (singing, strophe)

From whom, oh from whom? what hard son of the waves,

Plying his weary task without thought of sleep,

Or what Olympian nymph of hill or stream that flows

Down to the Bosporus' shore,

Might I have tidings of my lord

Wandering somewhere seen

Fierce of mood? Grievous it is

When I have toiled so long, and ranged far and wide

Thus to fail, thus to have sought in vain.

Still the afflicted hero nowhere may I find. 

(TECMESSA enters and

discovers the body.) 

TECMESSA: Alas, woe, woe!

CHORUS:  (chanting) Whose cry was it that broke from yonder copse?

TECMESSA: Alas, woe is me!

LEADER OF THE CHORUS: It is the hapless spear-won bride I see,

Tecmessa, steeped in that wail's agony.

TECMESSA: I am lost, destroyed, made desolate, my friends.

LEADER: What is it? Speak.

TECMESSA: Ajax, our master, newly slaughtered lies

Yonder, a hidden sword sheathed in his body.

CHORUS:  (chanting) Woe for my lost hopes of home!

Woe's me, thou hast slain me, my king,

Me thy shipmate, hapless man!

Woful-souled woman too!

TECMESSA: Since thus it is with him, 'tis mine to wail.

LEADER: By whose hand has he wrought this luckless deed?

TECMESSA: By his own hand, 'tis evident. This sword

Whereon he fell, planted in earth, convicts him.

CHORUS:  (chanting) Woe for my blind folly! Lone in thy blood thou

liest, from friends' help afar.

And I the wholly witless, the all unwary,

Forbore to watch thee. Where, where

Lieth the fatally named, intractable Ajax?

TECMESSA: None must behold him. I will shroud him wholly

In this enfolding mantle; for no man

Who loved him could endure to see him thus

Through nostrils and through red gash spouting up

The darkened blood from his self-stricken wound.

Ah me, what shall I do? What friend shall lift thee?

Where is Teucer? Timely indeed would he now come,

To compose duly his slain brother's corpse.

O hapless Ajax, who wast once so great,

Now even thy foes might dare to mourn thy fall.

CHORUS:  (chanting, antistrophe)

'Twas fate's will, alas, 'twas fate then for thou

Stubborn of soul at length to work out a dark

Doom of ineffable miseries. Such the dire

Fury of passionate hate

I heard thee utter fierce of mood

Railing at Atreus' sons

Night by night, day by day.

Verily then it was the sequence of woes

First began, when as the prize of worth

Fatally was proclaimed the golden panoply.

TECMESSA: Alas, woe, woe!

CHORUS:  (chanting) A loyal grief pierces thy heart, I know.

TECMESSA: Alas, woe, woe!

CHORUS:  (chanting) Woman, I marvel not that thou shouldst wail

And wail again, reft of a friend so dear.

TECMESSA: 'Tis thine to surmise, mine to feel, too surely.

CHORUS:  (chanting) 'Tis even so.

TECMESSA: Ah, my child, to what bondage are we come,

Seeing what cruel taskmasters will be ours.

CHORUS:  (chanting) Ah me, at what dost thou hint?

What ruthless, unspeakable wrong

From the Atreidae fearest thou?

But may heaven avert that woe!

TECMESSA: Ne'er had it come to this save by heaven's will.

CHORUS:  (chanting) Yes, too great to be borne this heaven-sent burden.

TECMESSA: Yet such the woe which the dread child of Zeus,

Pallas, has gendered for Odysseus' sake.

CHORUS:  (chanting) Doubtless the much-enduring hero in his dark spy's

soul exults mockingly,

And laughs with mighty laughter at these agonies

Of a frenzied spirit. Shame! Shame!

Sharers in glee at the tale are the royal Atreidae.

TECMESSA: Well, let them mock and glory in his ruin.

Perchance, though while he lived they wished not for him,

They yet shall wail him dead, when the spear fails them.

Men of ill judgment oft ignore the good

That lies within their hands, till they have lost it.

More to their grief he died than to their joy,

And to his own content. All his desire

He now has won, that death for which he longed.

Why then should they deride him? 'Tis the gods

Must answer for his death, not these men, no.

Then let Odysseus mock him with empty taunts.

Ajax is no more with them; but has gone,

Leaving to me despair and lamentation.

TEUCER:  (from without) Alas, woe, woe!

LEADER OF THE CHORUS: Keep silence! Is it Teucer's voice I hear

Lifting a dirge over this tragic sight? 

(TEUCER enters.)

TEUCER: O brother Ajax, to mine eyes most dear,

Can it be thou hast fared as rumour tells?

LEADER: Yes, he is dead, Teucer: of that be sure.

TEUCER: Alas, how then can I endure my fate!

LEADER: Since thus it is...

TEUCER: O wretched, wretched me!

LEADER: Thou hast cause to moan.

TEUCER: O swift and cruel woe!

LEADER: Too cruel, Teucer!

TEUCER: Woe is me! But say-

His child-where shall I find him? Tell me where.

LEADER: Alone within the tent.

TEUCER:  (to TECMESSA) Then with all speed

Go, bring him thither, lest some foe should snatch him

Like a whelp from a lioness bereaved.

Away! See it done quickly! All men are wont

To insult over the dead, once they lie low. 

(TECMESSA departs.)

LEADER: Yes, Teucer, while he lived, did he not charge thee

To guard his son from harm, as now thou dost?

TEUCER: O sight most grievous to me of all sights

That ever I have looked on with my eyes!

And hatefullest of all paths to my soul

This path that now has led me to thy side,

O dearest Ajax, when I heard thy fate,

While seeking thee I tracked thy footsteps out.

For a swift rumour, as from some god, ran

Through the Greek host that thou wast dead and gone.

While yet far off I heard it, and groaned deep

In anguish; now I see, and my life dies.

Ay me!

Uncover. Let me behold woe's very worst.  (The cover is lifted from

the body.)  O ghastly sight! victim of ruthless courage!

What miseries hast thou dying sown for me!

Whither, among what people, shall I go,

Who in thy troubles failed to give thee succour?

Oh doubtless Telamon, thy sire and mine,

With kind and gracious face is like to greet me,

Returned without thee: how else?-he who is wont

Even at good news to smile none the sweeter.

What will he keep back? What taunt not hurl forth

Against the bastard of a spear-won slave,

Him who through craven cowardice betrayed

Thee, beloved Ajax-or by guile, that so

I might inherit thy kingdom and thy house.

So will he speak, a passionate man, grown peevish

In old age, quick to wrath without a cause.

Then shall I be cast off, a banished man,

Proclaimed no more a freeman but a slave.

Such is the home that waits me; while at Troy

My foes are many, my well-wishers few.

All this will be my portion through thy death.

Ah me, what shall I do? How draw thee, brother,

From this fell sword, on whose bright murderous point

Thou hast breathed out thy soul? See how at last

Hector, though dead, was fated to destroy thee!

Consider, I pray, the doom of these two men.

Hector, with that same girdle Ajax gave him

Was lashed fast to Achilles' chariot rail

And mangled till he had gasped forth his life.

And 'twas from him that Ajax had this gift,

The blade by which he perished and lies dead.

Was it not some Erinys forged this sword,

And Hades the grim craftsman wrought that girdle?

I at least would maintain that the gods plan

These things and all things ever for mankind.

But whosoever's judgment likes not this,

Let him uphold his doctrine as I mine.

LEADER: Speak no more, but take counsel how to inter

Our dear lord, and what now it were best to say:

For 'tis a foe I see. Perchance he comes

To mock our misery, villain that he is.

TEUCER: What chieftain of the host do you behold?

LEADER: Menelaus, for whose sake we voyaged hither.

TEUCER: 'Tis he. I know him well, now he is near.  (MENELAUS enters

with his retinue.) 

MENELAUS: You, Sir, I warn you, raise not yonder corpse

For burial, but leave it as it lies.

TEUCER: For what cause do you waste such swelling words?

MENELAUS: 'Tis my will, and his will who rules the host.

TEUCER: Let us know then what pretext you allege.

MENELAUS: We hoped that we had brought this man from home

To be a friend and champion for the Greeks:

But a worse than Phrygian foe on trial we found him.

Devising death for the whole host, by night

He sallied forth against us, armed for slaughter.

And had not some god baffled this exploit,

Ours would have been the lot which now is his:

While we lay slain by a most shameful doom,

He would have still been living. But his outrage,

Foiled by a god, has fallen on sheep and herds.

Wherefore there lives no man so powerful

That he shall lay this corpse beneath a tomb;

But cast forth somewhere upon the yellow sands

It shall become food for the sea-shore birds.

Then lift not up your voice in threatening fury.

If while he lived we could not master him,

Yet in death will we rule him, in your despite,

Guiding him with our hands, since in his life

At no time would he hearken to my words.

Yet 'tis a sign of wickedness, when a subject

Deigns not to obey those placed in power above him.

For never can the laws be prosperously

Stablished in cities where awe is not found;

Nor may a camp be providently ruled

Without the shield of dread and reverence.

Yea, though a man be grown to mighty bulk,

Let him look lest some slight mischance o'erthrow him.

He with whom awe and reverence abide,

Doubt not, will flourish in security.

But where outrage and licence are not checked,

Be sure that state, though sped by prosperous winds,

Some day at last will founder in deep seas.

Yes, fear should be established in due season.

Dream not that we can act as we desire,

Yet avoid payment of the price in pain.

Well, fortune goes by turns. This man was fiery

And insolent once: 'tis mine now to exult.

I charge thee, bury him not, lest by that act

Thou thyself shouldst be digging thine own grave,

LEADER: Menelaus, do not first lay down wise precepts,

Then thyself offer outrage to the dead.

TEUCER:  (to the CHORUS) Never, friends, shall I marvel any more,

If one of low birth acts injuriously,

When they who are accounted nobly born

Can utter such injurious calumnies.  (To MENELAUS)  Come, once more

speak. You say you brought him hither?

Took him to be a champion of the Greeks?

Did he not sail as his own master, freely?

How are you his chieftain? How have you the right

To lord it o'er the folk he brought from home?

As Sparta's lord you came, not as our master.

In no way was it your prerogative

To rule him, any more than he could you.

As vassal of others you sailed hither, not

As captain of us all, still less of Ajax.

Go, rule those whom you may rule: chastise them

With proud words. But this man, though you forbid me,

Aye, and your fellow-captain, by just right

Will I lay in his grave, scorning your threats.

It was not for the sake of your lost wife

He came to Troy, like your toil-broken serfs,

But for the sake of oaths that he had sworn,

Not for yours. What cared he for nobodies?

Then come again and bring more heralds hither,

And the captain of the host. For such as you

I would not turn my head, for all your bluster.

LEADER: Such speech I like not, either, in peril's midst:

For harsh words rankle, be they ne'er so just.

MENELAUS: This bowman, it seems, has pride enough to spare.

TEUCER: Yes, 'tis no mean craft I have made my own.

MENELAUS: How big would be your boasts, had you a shield!

TEUCER: Shieldless, I would outmatch you panoplied.

MENELAUS: How terrible a courage dwells within your tongue!

TEUCER: He may be bold of heart whose side right favours.

MENELAUS: Is it right that my assassin should be honoured?

TEUCER: Assassin? How strange, if, though slain, you live!

MENELAUS: Heaven saved me: I was slain in his intent.

TEUCER: Do not dishonour then the gods who saved you.

MENELAUS: What, I rebel against the laws of heaven?

TEUCER: Yes, if you come to rob the dead of burial.

MENELAUS: My own foes! How could I endure such wrong?

TEUCER: Did Ajax ever confront you as your foe?

MENELAUS: He loathed me, and I him, as well you know.

TEUCER: Because to defraud him you intrigued for votes.

MENELAUS: It was the judges cast him, and not I.

TEUCER: Much secret villainy you could make seem fair.

MENELAUS: That saying will bring someone into trouble.

TEUCER: Not greater trouble than we mean to inflict.

MENELAUS: My one last word: this man must not have burial.

TEUCER: Then hear my answer: burial he shall have.

MENELAUS: Once did I see a fellow bold of tongue,

Who had urged a crew to sail in time of storm;

Yet no voice had you found in him, when winds

Began to blow; but hidden beneath his cloak

The mariners might trample on him at will.

And so with you and your fierce railleries,

Perchance a great storm, though from a little cloud

Its breath proceed, shall quench your blatant outcry.

TEUCER: And I once saw a fellow filled with folly,

Who gloried scornfully in his neighbour's woes.

So it came to pass that someone like myself,

And of like mood, beholding him spoke thus.

"Man, act not wickedly towards the dead;

Or, if thou dost, be sure that thou wilt rue it."

Thus did he monish that infatuate man.

And lo! yonder I see him; and as I think,

He is none else but thou. Do I speak riddles?

MENELAUS: I go. It were disgrace should any know

I had fallen to chiding where I might chastise.

TEUCER: Begone then. For to me 'twere worst disgrace

That I should listen to a fool's idle blustering.  (MENELAUS and his

retinue depart.) 

CHORUS:  (chanting) Soon mighty and fell will the strife be begun.

But speedily now, Teucer, I pray thee,

Seek some fit place for his hollow grave,

Which men's memories evermore shall praise,

As he lies there mouldering at rest. 

(TECMESSA enters with EURYSACES.)

TEUCER: Look yonder, where the child and wife of Ajax

Are hastening hither in good time to tend

The funeral rites of his unhappy corpse.

My child, come hither. Stand near and lay thy hand

As a suppliant on thy father who begat thee.

And kneel imploringly with locks of hair

Held in thy hand-mine, and hers, and last thine-

The suppliant's treasure. But if any Greek

By violence should tear thee from this corpse,

For that crime from the land may he be cast

Unburied, and his whole race from the root

Cut off, even as I sever this lock.

There, take it, boy, and keep it. Let none seek

To move thee; but still kneel there and cling fast.

And you, like men, no women, by his side

Stand and defend him till I come again,

When I have dug his grave, though all forbid. 

(TEUCER goes out.)

CHORUS:  (singing, strophe 1)

When will this agony draw to a close?

When will it cease, the last of our years of exile?

Years that bring me labour accurst of hurtling spears,

Woe that hath no respite or end,

But wide-spread over the plains of Troy

Works sorrow and shame for Hellas' sons.

(antistrophe 1)

Would he had vanished away from the earth,

Rapt to the skies, or sunk to devouring Hades,

He who first revealed to the Greeks the use of arms

Leagued in fierce confederate war!

Ah, toils eternally breeding toils!

Yea, he was the fiend who wrought man's ruin.

(strophe 2)

The wretch accurst, what were his gifts?

Neither the glad, festival wreath,

Nor the divine, mirth-giving wine-cup;

No music of flutes, soothing and sweet:

Slumber by night, blissful and calm,

None he bequeathed us.

And love's joys, alas! love did he banish from me.

Here couching alone neglected,

With hair by unceasing dews drenched evermore, we curse

Thy shores, O cruel Ilium.

(antistrophe 2)

Erewhile against terror by night, javelin or sword, firm was our

trust:

He was our shield, valiant Ajax.

But now a malign demon of fate

Claims him. Alas! When, when again

Shall joy befall me?

Oh once more to stand, where on the wooded headland

The ocean is breaking, under

The shadow of Sunium's height; thence could I greet from far

The divine city of Athens. 

(TEUCER enters, followed by AGAMEMNON

and his retinue.) 

TEUCER: In haste I come; for the captain of the host,

Agamemnon, I have seen hurrying hither.

To a perverse tongue now will he give rein.

AGAMEMNON: Is it you, they tell me, have dared to stretch your lips

In savage raillery against us, unpunished?

'Tis you I mean, the captive woman's son.

Verily of well-born mother had you been bred,

Superb had been your boasts and high your strut,

Since you, being nought, have championed one who is nought,

Vowing that no authority is ours

By sea or land to rule the Greeks or you.

Are not these monstrous taunts to hear from slaves?

What was this man whose praise you vaunt so loudly?

Whither went he, or where stood he, where I was not?

Among the Greeks are there no men but he?

In evil hour, it seems, did we proclaim

The contest for Achilles' panoply,

If come what may Teucer is to call us knaves,

And if you never will consent, though worsted,

To accept the award that seemed just to most judges,

But either must keep pelting us with foul words,

Or stab us craftily in your rage at losing.

Where such discords are customary, never

Could any law be stablished and maintained,

If we should thrust the rightful winners by,

And bring the rearmost to the foremost place.

But such wrong must be checked. 'Tis not the big

Broad-shouldered men on whom we most rely;

No, 'tis the wise who are masters everywhere.

An ox, however large of rib, may yet

Be kept straight on the road by a little whip.

And this corrective, I perceive, will soon

Descend on you, unless you acquire some wisdom,

Who, though this man is dead, a mere shade now,

Can wag your insolent lips so freely and boldly.

Come to your senses: think what you are by birth.

Bring hither someone else, a man born free,

Who in your stead may plead your cause before us.

For when you speak, the sense escapes me quite:

I comprehend not your barbarian tongue.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS: Would that you both might learn wisdom and temperance.

There is no better counsel I can give you.

TEUCER: Alas! how soon gratitude to the dead

Proves treacherous and vanishes from men's minds,

If for thee, Ajax, this man has no more

The least word of remembrance, he for whom oft

Toiling in battle thou didst risk thy life.

But all that is forgotten and flung aside.

Thou who but now wast uttering so much folly,

Hast thou no memory left, how in that hour

When, pent within your lines, you were already

No more than men of nought, routed in battle,

He alone stood forth to save you, while the flames

Were blazing round the stern-decks of the ships

Already, and while Hector, leaping high

Across the trench, charged down upon the hulls?

Who checked this ruin? Was it not he, who nowhere

So much as stood beside thee, so thou sayest?

Would you deny he acted nobly there?

Or when again chosen by lot, unbidden,

Alone in single combat he met Hector?

For no runaway's lot did he cast in,

No lump of clammy earth, but such that first

It should leap lightly from the crested helm?

His were these exploits; and beside him stood

I the slave, the barbarian mother's son.

Wretch, with what face can you fling forth such taunts?

Know you not that of old your father's father

Was Pelops, a barbarian, and a Phrygian?

That your sire Atreus set before his brother

A feast most impious of his own children's flesh?

And from a Cretan mother you were born,

Whom when her father found her with a paramour,

He doomed her for dumb fishes to devour.

Being such, do you reproach me with my lineage?

Telamon is the father who begat me,

Who, as the foremost champion of the Greeks,

Won as his bride my mother, a princes

By birth, Laomedon's daughter: a chosen spoil

She had been given him by Alcmena's son.

Thus of two noble parents nobly born,

How should I shame one of my blood, whom now,

Laid low by such calamity, you would thrust

Unburied forth, and feel no shame to say it?

But of this be sure: wheresoever you may cast him,

Us three also with him will you cast forth.

For it beseems me in his cause to die

In sight of all, rather than for the sake

Of your wife-or your brother's should I say?

Look then not to my interest, but your own.

For if you assail me, you shall soon wish rather

To have been a coward than too bold against me. 

(ODYSSEUS enters.)

LEADER: In good time, King Odysseus, hast thou come,

If 'tis thy purpose not to embroil but reconcile.

ODYSSEUS: What is it, friends? Far off I heard high words

From the Atreidae over this hero's corpse.

AGAMEMNON: Royal Odysseus, but now from this man

We have been listening to most shameful taunts.

ODYSSEUS: How shameful? I could find excuse for one

Who, when reviled, retorts with bitter words.

AGAMEMNON: Yes, I repaid his vile deeds with reviling.

ODYSSEUS: What has he done thee whereby thou art wronged?

AGAMEMNON: He says he will not leave yon corpse unhonoured

By sepulture, but will bury it in my spite.

ODYSSEUS: May now a friend speak out the truth, yet still

As ever ply his oar in stroke with thine?

AGAMEMNON: Speak: I should be witless else; for thee

Of all the Greeks I count the greatest friend.

ODYSSEUS: Then listen. For the gods' sake venture not

Thus ruthlessly to cast forth this man unburied:

And in no wise let violence compel thee

To such deep hate that thou shouldst tread down justice.

Once for me too this man was my worst foe,

From that hour when I won Achilles' arms;

Yet, though he was such towards me, I would not so

Repay him with dishonour as to deny

That of all Greeks who came to Troy, no hero

So valiant save Achilles have I seen.

So it is not just thou shouldst dishonour him.

Not him wouldst thou be wronging, but the laws

Of heaven. It is not righteousness to outrage

A brave man dead, not even though thou hate him.

AGAMEMNON: Thou, Odysseus, champion him thus against me?

ODYSSEUS: Yes; but I hated him while hate was honourable.

AGAMEMNON: Shouldst thou not also trample on him when dead?

ODYSSEUS: Atreides, glory not in dishonouring triumphs.

AGAMEMNON: 'Tis hard for a king to act with piety.

ODYSSEUS: Yet not hard to respect a friend's wise counsel.

AGAMEMNON: A good man should obey those who bear rule.

ODYSSEUS: Relent. 'Tis no defeat to yield to friends.

AGAMEMNON: Reflect who it is to whom thou dost this grace.

ODYSSEUS: This man was once my foe, yet was he noble.

AGAMEMNON: Can it be thou wilt reverence a dead foe?

ODYSSEUS: His worth with me far outweighs enmity.

AGAMEMNON: Unstable of impulse are such men as thou.

ODYSSEUS: Many are friends now and hereafter foes.

AGAMEMNON: Do you then praise such friends as worth the winning?

ODYSSEUS: I am not wont to praise a stubborn soul.

AGAMEMNON: Cowards you would have us show ourselves this day.

ODYSSEUS: Not so, but just men before all the Greeks.

AGAMEMNON: You bid me then permit these funeral rites?

ODYSSEUS: Even so: for I myself shall come to this.

AGAMEMNON: Alike in all things each works for himself.

ODYSSEUS: And for whom should I work, if not myself?

AGAMEMNON: Let it be known then as your doing, not mine.

ODYSSEUS: So be it. At least you will have acted nobly.

AGAMEMNON: Nay, but of this be certain, that to thee

Willingly would I grant a greater boon.

Yet he, in that world as in this, shall be

Most hateful to me. But act as you deem fit. 

(AGAMEMNON and his retinue

go out.) 

LEADER: After such proof, Odysseus, a fool only

Could say that inborn wisdom was not thine.

ODYSSEUS: Let Teucer know that I shall be henceforth

His friend, no less than I was once his foe.

And I will join in burying this dead man,

And share in all due rites, omitting none

Which mortal men to noblest heroes owe.

TEUCER: Noble Odysseus, for thy words I praise thee

Without stint. Wholly hast thou belied my fears.

Thou, his worst foe among the Greeks, hast yet

Alone stood by him staunchly, nor thought fit

To glory and exult over the dead,

Like that chief crazed with arrogance, who came,

He and his brother, hoping to cast forth

The dead man shamefully without burial.

May therefore the supreme Olympian Father,

The remembering Fury and fulfilling Justice

Destroy these vile men vilely, even as they

Sought to cast forth this hero unjustly outraged.

But pardon me, thou son of old Laertes,

That I must scruple to allow thine aid

In these rites, lest I so displease the dead.

In all else share our toil; and wouldst thou bring

Any man from the host, we grudge thee not.

What else remains, I will provide. And know

That thou towards us hast acted generously.

ODYSSEUS: It was my wish. But if my help herein

Pleases you not, so be it, I depart.  (ODYSSEUS goes out.)

TEUCER: 'Tis enough. Too long is the time we have wasted

In talk. Haste some with spades to the grave:

Speedily hollow it. Some set the cauldron

On high amid wreathing flames ready filled

For pious ablution.

Then a third band go, fetch forth from the tent

All the armour he once wore under his shield.

Thou too, child, lovingly lay thy hand

On thy father's corpse, and with all thy strength

Help me to lift him: for the dark blood-tide

Still upward is streaming warm through the arteries.

All then who openly now would appear

Friends to the dead, come, hasten forwards.

To our valiant lord this labour is due.

We have served none nobler among men.

CHORUS:  (chanting) Unto him who has seen may manifold knowledge

Come; but before he sees, no man

May divine what destiny awaits him.

THE END