The Works of Aeschylus

Agamemnon

Dramatis Personae

A WATCHMAN
A HERALD
CHORUS
AGAMEMNON
AEGISTHUS
CLYTEMNESTRA
CASSANDRA

The Scene is the Palace of Atreus at Mycenae. In front of the Palace stand statues of the gods, and altars prepared for sacrifices.

Agamemnon

A Watchman:
I pray the gods to quit me of my toils,
To close the watch I keep, this livelong year;
For as a watch-dog lying, not at rest,
Propped on one arm, upon the palace-roof
Of Atreus' race, too long, too well I know
The starry conclave of the midnight sky,
Too well, the splendours of the firmament,
The lords of light, whose kingly aspect shows--
What time they set or climb the sky in turn--
The year's divisions, bringing frost or fire.

And now, as ever, am I set to mark
When shall stream up the glow of signal-flame,
The bale-fire bright, and tell its Trojan tale--
"Troy town is ta'en:" such issue holds in hope
She in whose woman's breast beats heart of man.

Thus upon mine unrestful couch I lie,
Bathed with the dews of night, unvisited
By dreams--ah me!--for in the place of sleep
Stands Fear as my familiar, and repels
The soft repose that would mine eyelids seal.
And if at whiles, for the lost balm of sleep,
I medicine my soul with melody
Of trill or song--anon to tears I turn,
Wailing the woe that broods upon this home,
Not now by honour guided as of old.

But now at last fair fall the welcome hour
That sets me free, whene'er the thick night glow
With beacon-fire of hope deferred no more.
All hail!

A beacon-light is seen reddening the distant sky.

Fire of the night, that brings my spirit day,
Shedding on Argos light, and dance, and song,
Greetings to fortune, hail!

Let my loud summons ring within the ears
Of Agamemnon's queen, that she anon
Start from her couch and with a shrill voice cry
A joyous welcome to the beacon-blaze,
For Ilion's fall; such fiery message gleams
From yon high flame; and I, before the rest,
Will foot the lightsome measure of our joy;
For I can say, "My master's dice fell fair--
Behold! the triple sice, the lucky flame!"
Now be my lot to clasp, in loyal love,
The hand of him restored, who rules our home:
Home--but I say no more: upon my tongue
Treads hard the ox o' the adage.
Had it voice,
The home itself might soothliest tell its tale;
I, of set will, speak words the wise may learn,
To others, nought remember nor discern.

Exit. The chorus of old men of Mycenae enter, each leaning on a staff. During their song Clytemnestra appears in the background, kindling the altars.

Chorus:

Ten livelong years have rolled away,
Since the twin lords of sceptred sway,
By Zeus endowed with pride of place,
The doughty chiefs of Atreus' race,
Went forth of yore,
To plead with Priam, face to face,
Before the judgment-seat of War!

A thousand ships from Argive land
Put forth to bear the martial band,
That with a spirit stern and strong
Went out to right the kingdom's wrong--
Pealed, as they went, the battle-song,
Wild as the vultures' cry;
When o'er the eyrie, soaring high,
In wild bereavèd agony,
Around, around, in airy rings,
They wheel with oarage of their wings,
But not the eyas-brood behold,
That called them to the nest of old;
But let Apollo from the sky,
Or Pan, or Zeus, but hear the cry,
The exile cry, the wail forlorn,
Of birds from whom their home is torn--
On those who wrought the rapine fell,
Heaven sends the vengeful fiends of hell.

Even so doth Zeus, the jealous lord
And guardian of the hearth and board,
Speed Atreus' sons, in vengeful ire,
'Gainst Paris--sends them forth on fire,
Her to buy back, in war and blood,
Whom one did wed but many woo'd!
And many, many, by his will,
The last embrace of foes shall feel,
And many a knee in dust be bowed,
And splintered spears on shields ring loud,
Of Trojan and of Greek, before
That iron bridal-feast be o'er!
But as he willed 'tis ordered all,
And woes, by heaven ordained, must fall--
Unsoothed by tears or spilth of wine
Poured forth too late, the wrath divine
Glares vengeance on the flameless shrine.

And we in gray dishonoured eld,
Feeble of frame, unfit were held
To join the warrior array
That then went forth unto the fray:
And here at home we tarry, fain
Our feeble footsteps to sustain,
Each on his staff--so strength doth wane,
And turns to childishness again.
For while the sap of youth is green,
And, yet unripened, leaps within,
The young are weakly as the old,
And each alike unmeet to hold
The vantage post of war!
And ah! when flower and fruit are o'er,
And on life's tree the leaves are sere,
Age wendeth propped its journey drear,
As forceless as a child, as light
And fleeting as a dream of night
Lost in the garish day!

But thou, O child of Tyndareus,
Queen Clytemnestra, speak! and say
What messenger of joy to-day
Hath won thine ear? what welcome news,
That thus in sacrificial wise
E'en to the city's boundaries
Thou biddest altar-fires arise?
Each god who doth our city guard,
And keeps o'er Argos watch and ward
From heaven above, from earth below--
The mighty lords who rule the skies,
The market's lesser deities,
To each and all the altars glow,
Piled for the sacrifice!
And here and there, anear, afar,
Streams skyward many a beacon-star,
Conjur'd and charm'd and kindled well
By pure oil's soft and guileless spell,
Hid now no more
Within the palace' secret store.

O queen, we pray thee, whatsoe'er,
Known unto thee, were well revealed,
That thou wilt trust it to our ear,
And bid our anxious heart be healed!
That waneth now unto despair--
Now, waxing to a presage fair,
Dawns, from the altar, Hope--to scare
From our rent hearts the vulture Care.

List! for the power is mine, to chant on high
The chiefs' emprise, the strength that omens gave!
List! on my soul breathes yet a harmony,
From realms of ageless powers, and strong to save!

How brother kings, twin lords of one command,
Led forth the youth of Hellas in their flower,
Urged on their way, with vengeful spear and brand,
By warrior-birds, that watched the parting hour.

"Go forth to Troy", the eagles seemed to cry--
And the sea-kings obeyed the sky-kings' word,
When on the right they soared across the sky,
And one was black, one bore a white tail barred.

High o'er the palace were they seen to soar,
Then lit in sight of all, and rent and tare,
Far from the fields that she should range no more,
Big with her unborn brood, a mother-hare.

And one beheld, the soldier-prophet true,
And the two chiefs, unlike of soul and will,
In the twy-coloured eagles straight he knew,
And spake the omen forth, for good and ill.

(Ah woe and well-a-day! but be the issue fair!)

"Go forth," he cried, "and Priam's town shall fall.
Yet long the time shall be; and flock and herd,
The people's wealth, that roam before the wall.
Shall force hew down, when Fate shall give the word.

But O beware! lest wrath in Heaven abide,
To dim the glowing battle-forge once more,
And mar the mighty curb of Trojan pride,
The steel of vengeance, welded as for war!

For virgin Artemis bears jealous hate
Against the royal house, the eagle-pair,
Who rend the unborn brood, insatiate--
Yea, loathes their banquet on the quivering hare."

(Ah woe and well-a-day! but be the issue fair!)

"For well she loves--the goddess kind and mild--
 The tender new-born cubs of lions bold,
Too weak to range--and well the sucking child
 Of every beast that roams by wood and wold.

So to the Lord of Heaven she prayeth still,
 "Nay. if it must be, be the omen true!
Yet do the visioned eagles presage ill;
 The end be well, but crossed with evil too!"

Healer Apollo! be her wrath controll'd,
 Nor weave the long delay of thwarting gales,
To war against the Danaans and withhold
 From the free ocean-waves their eager sails!

She craves, alas! to see a second life
 Shed forth, a curst unhallowed sacrifice--
'Twixt wedded souls, artificer of strife,
 And hate that knows not fear, and fell device.

At home there tarries like a lurking snake,
 Biding its time, a wrath unreconciled,"
"A wily watcher, passionate to slake,
In blood, resentment for a murdered child."

Such was the mighty warning, pealed of yore--
Amid good tidings, such the word of fear,
What time the fateful eagles hovered o'er
The kings, and Calchas read the omen clear.

(In strains like his, once more,
Sing woe and well-a-day! but be the issue fair!)

Zeus--if to The Unknown
That name of many names seem good--
Zeus, upon Thee I call.
Thro' the mind's every road
I passed, but vain are all,
Save that which names thee Zeus, the Highest One,
Were it but mine to cast away the load,
The weary load, that weighs my spirit down.

He that was Lord of old,
In full-blown pride of place and valour bold,
Hath fallen and is gone, even as an old tale told!
And he that next held sway,
By stronger grasp o'erthrown
Hath pass'd away!
And whoso now shall bid the triumph-chant arise
To Zeus, and Zeus alone,
He shall be found the truly wise.
'Tis Zeus alone who shows the perfect way
Of knowledge: He hath ruled,
Men shall learn wisdom, by affliction schooled.

In visions of the night, like dropping rain,
Descend the many memories of pain
Before the spirit's sight: through tears and dole
Comes wisdom o'er the unwilling soul--
A boon, I wot, of all Divinity,
That holds its sacred throne in strength, above the sky!

And then the elder chief, at whose command
The fleet of Greece was manned,
Cast on the seer no word of hate,
But veered before the sudden breath of Fate--

Ah, weary while! for, ere they put forth sail,
Did every store, each minish'd vessel, fail,
While all the Achaean host
At Aulis anchored lay,
Looking across to Chalics and the coast
Where refluent waters welter, rock, and sway;
And rife with ill delay
From northern Strymon blew the thwarting blast--
Mother of famine fell,
That holds men wand'ring still
Far from the haven where they fain would be!--
And pitiless did waste
Each ship and cable, rotting on the sea,
And, doubling with delay each weary hour,
Withered with hope deferred th' Achaeans' warlike flower.

But when, for bitter storm, a deadlier relief,
And heavier with ill to either chief,
Pleading the ire of Artemis, the seer avowed,
The two Atridae smote their sceptres on the plain,
And, striving hard, could not their tears restrain!
And then the elder monarch spake aloud--
"Ill lot were mine, to disobey!
And ill, to smite my child, my household's love and pride!
To stain with virgin Hood a father's hands, and slay
My daughter, by the altar's side!
Twixt woe and woe I dwell--
I dare not like a recreant fly,
And leave the league of ships, and fail each true ally;
For rightfully they crave, with eager fiery mind,
The virgin's blood, shed forth to lull the adverse wind--
 God send the deed be well!"

Thus on his neck he took
Fate's hard compelling yoke;
Then, in the counter-gale of will abhorr'd, accursed,
To recklessness his shifting spirit veered--
Alas! that Frenzy, first of ills and worst,
With evil craft men's souls to sin hath ever stirred!

And so he steeled his heart--ah, well-a-day--
Aiding a war for one false woman's sake,
His child to slay,
And with her spilt blood make
An offering, to speed the ships upon their way!

Lusting for war, the bloody arbiters
Closed heart and ears, and would nor hear nor heed
The girl-voice plead,
"Pity me, Father!" nor her prayers,
Nor tender, virgin years.

 So, when the chant of sacrifice was done,
 Her father bade the youthful priestly train
Raise her, like some poor kid, above the altar-stone,
 From where amid her robes she lay
Sunk all in swoon away--
Bade them, as with the bit that mutely tames the steed,
Her fair lips' speech refrain,
Lest she should speak a curse on Atreus' home and seed,

So, trailing on the earth her robe of saffron dye,
With one last piteous dart from her beseeching eye
 Those that should smite she smote--
Fair, silent, as a pictur'd form, but fain
To plead, "Is all forgot?
How oft those halls of old,
Wherein my sire high feast did hold,"
"Rang to the virginal soft strain,
When I, a stainless child,
Sang from pure lips and undefiled,
Sang of my sire, and all
His honoured life, and how on him should fall
Heaven's highest gift and gain!"
And then--but I beheld not, nor can tell,
What further fate befel:
But this is sure, that Calchas' boding strain
Can ne'er be void or vain.
This wage from Justice' hand do sufferers earn,
The future to discern:
And yet--farewell, O secret of To-morrow!
Fore-knowledge is fore-sorrow.
Clear with the clear beams of the morrow's sun,
The future presseth on.
Now, let the house's tale, how dark soe'er,
Find yet an issue fair!--
So prays the loyal, solitary band
That guards the Apian land.

They turn to Clytemnestra, who leaves the altars and comes forward.

O queen, I come in reverence of thy sway--
For, while the ruler's kingly seat is void,
The loyal heart before his consort bends.
Now--be it sure and certain news of good,
Or the fair tidings of a flatt'ring hope,
That bids thee spread the light from shrine to shrine,
I, fain to hear, yet grudge not if thou hide.

Clymemnestra:
As saith the adage, "From the womb of Night
Spring forth, with promise fair, the young child Light."
Ay--fairer even than all hope my news--
By Grecian hands is Priam's city ta'en!

Chorus:
What say'st thou? doubtful heart makes treach'rous ear.

Clymemnestra:
Hear then again, and plainly--Troy is ours!

Chorus:
Thrills thro' my heart such joy as wakens tears.

Clymemnestra:
Ay, thro' those tears thine eye looks loyalty.

Chorus:
But hast thou proof, to make assurance sure?

Clymemnestra:
Go to; I have--unless the god has lied.

Chorus:
Hath some night-vision won thee to belief?

Clymemnestra:
Out on all presage of a slumb'rous soul!

Chorus:
But wert thou cheered by Rumour's wingless word?

Clymemnestra:
Peace--thou dost chide me as a credulous girl.

Chorus:
Say then, how long ago the city fell?

Clymemnestra:
Even in this night that now brings forth the dawn.

Chorus:
Yet who so swift could speed the message here?

Clymemnestra:
From Ida's top Hephaestus, lord of fire,
Sent forth his sign; and on, and ever on,
Beacon to beacon sped the courier-flame.
From Ida to the crag, that Hermes loves,
Of Lemnos; thence unto the steep sublime
Of Athos, throne of Zeus, the broad blaze flared.
Thence, raised aloft to shoot across the sea,
The moving light, rejoicing in its strength,
Sped from the pyre of pine, and urged its way,
In golden glory, like some strange new sun,
Onward, and reached Macistus' watching heights.
There, with no dull delay nor heedless sleep,
The watcher sped the tidings on in turn,
Until the guard upon Messapius' peak
Saw the far flame gleam on Euripus' tide,
And from the high-piled heap of withered furze
Lit the new sign and bade the message on.
Then the strong light, far flown and yet undimmed,
Shot thro' the sky above Asopus' plain,
Bright as the moon, and on Cithaeron's crag
Aroused another watch of flying fire.
And there the sentinels no whit disowned,
But sent redoubled on, the hest of flame--
Swift shot the light, above Gorgopis' bay,
To Aegiplanctus' mount, and bade the peak
Fail not the onward ordinance of fire.
And like a long beard streaming in the wind,
Full-fed with fuel, roared and rose the blaze,
And onward flaring, gleamed above the cape,
Beneath which shimmers the Saronic bay,
And thence leapt light unto Arachne's peak,
The mountain watch that looks upon our town.
Thence to th' Atrides' roof--in lineage fair,
A bright posterity of Ida's fire.
So sped from stage to stage, fulfilled in turn,
Flame after flame, along the course ordained,
And lo! the last to speed upon its way
Sights the end first, and glows unto the goal.
And Troy is ta'en, and by this sign my lord
Tells me the tale, and ye have learned my word.

Chorus:
To heaven, O queen, will I upraise new song:
But, wouldst thou speak once more, I fain would hear
From first to last the marvel of the tale.

Clymemnestra:
Think you--this very morn--the Greeks in Troy,
And loud therein the voice of utter wail!
Within one cup pour vinegar and oil,
And look! unblent, unreconciled, they war.
So in the twofold issue of the strife
Mingle the victor's shout, the captives' moan.
For all the conquered whom the sword has spared
Cling weeping--some unto a brother slain,
Some childlike to a nursing father's form,
And wail the loved and lost, the while their neck
Bows down already 'neath the captive's chain.
And lo! the victors, now the fight is done,
Goaded by restless hunger, far and wide
Range all disordered thro' the town, to snatch
Such victual and such rest as chance may give
Within the captive halls that once were Troy--
Joyful to rid them of the frost and dew,
Wherein they couched upon the plain of old--
Joyful to sleep the gracious night all through,
Unsummoned of the watching sentinel.
Yet let them reverence well the city's gods,
The lords of Troy, tho' fallen, and her shrines;
So shall the spoilers not in turn be spoiled.
Yea, let no craving for forbidden gain
Bid conquerors yield before the darts of greed.
For we need yet, before the race be won,
Homewards, unharmed, to round the course once more.
For should the host wax wanton ere it come,
Then, tho' the sudden blow of fate be spared,
Yet in the sight of gods shall rise once more

The great wrong of the slain, to claim revenge.
Now, hearing from this woman's mouth of mine,
The tale and eke its warning, pray with me,
"Luck sway the scale, with no uncertain poise.
For my fair hopes are changed to fairer joys."

Chorus:
A gracious word thy woman's lips have told,
Worthy a wise man's utterance, O my queen;
Now with clear trust in thy convincing tale
I set me to salute the gods with song,
Who bring us bliss to counterpoise our pain.

Exit Clytemnestra.

Zeus, Lord of heaven! and welcome night
Of victory, that hast our might
With all the glories crowned!
On towers of Ilion, free no more,
Hast flung the mighty mesh of war,
And closely girt them round,
Till neither warrior may 'scape,
Nor stripling lightly overleap
The trammels as they close, and close,
Till with the grip of doom our foes
In slavery's coil are bound!

Zeus, Lord of hospitality,
In grateful awe I bend to thee--
Tis thou hast struck the blow!
At Alexander, long ago,
We marked thee bend thy vengeful bow,
But long and warily withhold
The eager shaft, which, uncontrolled
And loosed too soon or launched too high,
Had wandered bloodless through the sky.

Zeus, the high God!--whate'er be dim in doubt,
This can our thought track out--
The blow that fells the sinner is of God,
And as he wills, the rod

Of vengeance smiteth sore.One said of old,
"The gods list not to hold
A reckoning with him whose feet oppress
The grace of holiness--"
An impious word! for whensoe'er the sire
Breathed forth rebellious fire--
What time his household overflowed the measure
Of bliss and health and treasure--
His children's children read the reckoning plain,
At last, in tears and pain.
On me let weal that brings no woe be sent,
And therewithal, content!
Who spurns the shrine of Right, nor wealth nor power
Shall be to him a tower,
To guard him from the gulf: there lies his lot,
Where all things are forgot.
Lust drives him on--lust, desperate and wild,
Fate's sin-contriving child--
And cure is none; beyond concealment clear,
Kindles sin's baleful glare.
As an ill coin beneath the wearing touch
Betrays by stain and smutch
Its metal false--such is the sinful wight.
Before, on pinions light,
Fair Pleasure flits, and lures him childlike on,
While home and kin make moan
Beneath the grinding burden of his crime;
Till, in the end of time,
Cast down of heaven, he pours forth fruitless prayer
To powers that will not hear.

And such did Paris come
Unto Atrides' home,
And thence, with sin and shame his welcome to repay,
Ravished the wife away--
And she, unto her country and her kin
Leaving the clash of shields and spears and arming ships,
And bearing unto Troy destruction for a dower,
And overbold in sin,
Went fleetly thro' the gates, at midnight hour.
Oft from the prophets' lips
Moaned out the warning and the wail--Ah woe!
Woe for the home, the home! and for the chieftains, woe
Woe for the bride-bed, warm
Yet from the lovely limbs, the impress of the form
Of her who loved her lord, a while ago!
And woe! for him who stands
Shamed, silent, unreproachful, stretching hands
That find her not, and sees, yet will not see,
That she is far away!
And his sad fancy, yearning o'er the sea,
Shall summon and recall
Her wraith, once more to queen it in his hall.
And sad with many memories,
The fair cold beauty of each sculptured face--
And all to hatefulness is turned their grace,
Seen blankly by forlorn and hungering eyes!
And when the night is deep,
Come visions, sweet and sad, and bearing pain
Of hopings vain--
Void, void and vain, for scarce the sleeping sight
Has seen its old delight,
When thro' the grasps of love that bid it stay
It vanishes away
On silent wings that roam adown the ways of sleep.

Such are the sights, the sorrows fell,
About our hearth--and worse, whereof I may not tell.
But, all the wide town o'er,
Each home that sent its master far away
From Hellas' shore,
Feels the keen thrill of heart, the pang of loss, to-day.
For, truth to say,
The touch of bitter death is manifold!
Familiar was each face, and dear as life,
That went unto the war,
But thither, whence a warrior went of old,
Doth nought return--
Only a spear and sword, and ashes in an urn!
For Ares, lord of strife,
Who doth the swaying scales of battle hold,
War's money-changer, giving dust for gold,
Sends back, to hearts that held them dear,
Scant ash of warriors, wept with many a tear,
Light to the hand, but heavy to the soul;
Yea, fills the light urn full
With what survived the flame--
Death's dusty measure of a hero's frame!

"Alas!" one cries, "and yet alas again!
Our chief is gone, the hero of the spear,
And hath not left his peer!
Ah woe!" another moans--"my spouse is slain,
The death of honour, rolled in dust and blood,
Slain for a woman's sin, a false wife's shame!"
Such muttered words of bitter mood
Rise against those who went forth to reclaim;
Yea, jealous wrath creeps on against th' Atrides' name.

And others, far beneath the Ilian wall,
Sleep their last sleep--the goodly chiefs and tall,
Couched in the foeman's land, whereon they gave
Their breath, and lords of Troy, each in his Trojan grave.

Therefore for each and all the city's breast
Is heavy with a wrath supprest,
As deep and deadly as a curse more loud
Flung by the common crowd;
And, brooding deeply, doth my soul await
Tidings of coming fate,
Buried as yet in darkness' womb.
For not forgetful is the high gods' doom
Against the sons of carnage: all too long
Seems the unjust to prosper and be strong,
Till the dark Furies come,
And smite with stern reversal all his home,
Down into dim obstruction--he is gone,
And help and hope, among the lost, is none!

O'er him who vaunteth an exceeding fame,
Impends a woe condign;
The vengeful bolt upon his eyes doth flame,
Sped from the hand divine.
This bliss be mine, ungrudged of God, to feel--
To tread no city to the dust,
Nor see my own life thrust
Down to a slave's estate beneath another's heel!

Behold, throughout the city wide
Have the swift feet of Rumour hied,
Roused by the joyful flame:
But is the news they scatter, sooth?
Or haply do they give for truth
Some cheat which heaven doth frame?
A child were he and all unwise,
Who let his heart with joy be stirred,
To see the beacon-fires arise,
And then, beneath some thwarting word,
Sicken anon with hope deferred.
The edge of woman's insight still
Good news from true divideth ill;
Light rumours leap within the bound
That fences female credence round,
But, lightly born, as lightly dies
The tale that springs of her surmise.

Soon shall we know whereof the bale-fires tell,
The beacons, kindled with transmitted flame;
Whether, as well I deem, their tale is true.
Or whether like some dream delusive came
The welcome blaze but to befool our soul.
For lo! I see a herald from the shore
Draw hither, shadowed with the olive-wreath--
And thirsty dust, twin-brother of the clay,
Speaks plain of travel far and truthful news--
No dumb surmise, nor tongue of flame in smoke,
Fitfully kindled from the mountain pyre;
But plainlier shall his voice say, "All is well,"
Or--but away, forebodings adverse, now,

And on fair promise fair fulfilment come!
And whoso for the state prays otherwise,
Himself reap harvest of his ill desire!

Enter Herald:
O land of Argos, fatherland of mine!
To thee at last, beneath the tenth year's sun,
My feet return; the bark of my emprise,
Tho' one by one hope's anchors broke away,
Held by the last, and now rides safely here.
Long, long my soul despaired to win, in death,
Its longed-for rest within our Argive land:
And now all hail, O earth, and hail to thee,
New-risen sun! and hail our country's God,
High-ruling Zeus, and thou, the Pythian lord,
Whose arrows smote us once--smite thou no more!
Was not thy wrath wreaked full upon our heads,
O king Apollo, by Scamander's side?
Turn thou, be turned, be saviour, healer, now!
And hail, all gods who rule the street and mart
And Hermes hail! my patron and my pride,
Herald of heaven, and lord of heralds here!
And Heroes, ye who sped us on our way--
To one and all I cry, "Receive again
With grace such Argives as the spear has spared."

Ah, home of royalty, beloved halls,
And solemn shrines, and gods that front the morn!
Benign as erst, with sun-flushed aspect greet
The king returning after many days.
For as from night flash out the beams of day,
So out of darkness dawns a light, a king,
On you, on Argos--Agamemnon comes.
Then hail and greet him well! such meed befits
Him whose right hand hewed down the towers of Troy
With the great axe of Zeus who righteth wrong--
And smote the plain, smote down to nothingness
Each altar, every shrine; and far and wide
Dies from the whole land's face its offspring fair.

Such mighty yoke of fate he set on Troy--
Our lord and monarch, Atreus' elder son,
And comes at last with blissful honour home;
Highest of all who walk on earth to-day--
Not Paris nor the city's self that paid
Sin's price with him, can boast, "Whate'er befal,
The guerdon we have won outweighs it all."
But at Fate's judgment-seat the robber stands
Condemned of rapine, and his prey is torn
Forth from his hands, and by his deed is reaped
A bloody harvest of his home and land
Gone down to death, and for his guilt and lust
His father's race pays double in the dust.

Chorus:
Hail, herald of the Greeks, new-come from war.

Herald:
All hail! not death itself can fright me now.

Chorus:
Was thine heart wrung with longing for thy land?

Herald:
So that this joy doth brim mine eyes with tears.

Chorus:
On you too then this sweet distress did fall--

Herald:
How say'st thou? make me master of thy word.

Chorus:
You longed for us who pined for you again.

Herald:
Craved the land us who craved it, love for love?

Chorus:
Yea till my brooding heart moaned out with pain.

Herald:
Whence thy despair, that mars the army's joy?

Chorus:
"Sole cure of wrong is silence," saith the saw.

Herald:
Thy kings afar, couldst thou fear other men?

Chorus:
Death had been sweet, as thou didst say but now.

Herald:
'Tis true; Fate smiles at last. Throughout our toil,
These many years, some chances issued fair,
And some, I wot, were chequered with a curse.
But who, on earth, hath won the bliss of heaven,
Thro' time's whole tenor an unbroken weal?
I could a tale unfold of toiling oars,
Ill rest, scant landings on a shore rock-strewn,
All pains, all sorrows, for our daily doom.
And worse and hatefuller our woes on land;
For where we couched, close by the foeman's wall,
The river-plain was ever dank with dews,
Dropped from the sky, exuded from the earth,
A curse that clung unto our sodden garb,
And hair as horrent as a wild beast's fell.
Why tell the woes of winter, when the birds
Lay stark and stiff, so stern was Ida's snow?
Or summer's scorch, what time the stirless wave
Sank to its sleep beneath the noon-day sun?
Why mourn old woes? their pain has passed away;
And passed away, from those who fell, all care,
For evermore, to rise and live again.

Why sum the count of death, and render thanks
For life by moaning over fate malign?
Farewell, a long farewell to all our woes!
To us, the remnant of the host of Greece,
Comes weal beyond all counterpoise of woe;
Thus boast we rightfully to yonder sun,
Like him far-fleeted over sea and land.
"The Argive host prevailed to conquer Troy,
And in the temples of the gods of Greece
Hung up these spoils, a shining sign to Time."
Let those who learn this legend bless aright
The city and its chieftains, and repay
The meed of gratitude to Zeus who willed
And wrought the deed. So stands the tale fulfilled.

Chorus:
Thy words o'erbear my doubt: for news of good,
The ear of age hath ever youth enow:
But those within and Clytemnestra's self
Would fain hear all; glad thou their ears and mine.

Re-enter 'Clymemnestra:
Last night, when first the fiery courier came,
In sign that Troy is ta'en and razed to earth,
So wild a cry of joy my lips gave out,
That I was chidden--"Hath the beacon watch
Made sure unto thy soul the sack of Troy?
A very woman thou, whose heart leaps light
At wandering rumours!"--and with words like these
They showed me how I strayed, misled of hope.
Yet on each shrine I set the sacrifice,
And, in the strain they held for feminine,
Went heralds thro' the city, to and fro,
With voice of loud proclaim, announcing joy;
And in each fane they lit and quenched with wine
The spicy perfumes fading in the flame.
All is fulfilled: I spare your longer tale--
The king himself anon shall tell me all.

Remains to think what honour best may greet
My lord, the majesty of Argos, home.
What day beams fairer on a woman's eyes
Than this, whereon she flings the portal wide,
To hail her lord, heaven-shielded, home from war?
This to my husband, that he tarry not,
But turn the city's longing into joy!
Yea let him come, and coming may he find
A wife no other than he left her, true
And faithful as a watch-dog to his home,
His foemen's foe, in all her duties leal,
Trusty to keep for ten long years unmarred
The store whereon he set his master-seal.
Be steel deep-dyed, before ye look to see
Ill joy, ill fame, from other wight, in me!

Herald:
'Tis fairly said: thus speaks a noble dame,
Nor speaks amiss, when truth informs the boast.

Exit Clytemnestra.

Chorus:
So has she spoken--be it yours to learn
By clear interpreters her specious word.
Turn to me, herald--tell me if anon
The second well-loved lord of Argos comes?
Hath Menelaus safely sped with you?

Herald:
Alas--brief boon unto my friends it were,
To flatter them, for truth, with falsehoods fair!

Chorus:
Speak joy, if truth be joy, but truth, at worst--
loo plainly, truth and joy are here divorced.

Herald:
The hero and his bark were rapt away
Far from the Grecian fleet? 'tis truth I say.

Chorus:
Whether in all men's sight from Ilion borne,
Or from the fleet by stress of weather torn?

Herald:
Full on the mark thy shaft of speech doth light,
And one short word hath told long woes aright.

Chorus:
But say, what now of him each comrade saith?
What their forebodings, of his life or death?

Herald:
Ask me no more: the truth is known to none,
Save the earth-fostering, all-surveying Sun,

Chorus:
Say, by what doom the fleet of Greece was driven?
How rose, how sank the storm, the wrath of heaven?

Herald:
Nay, ill it were to mar with sorrow's tale
The day of blissful news. The gods demand
Thanksgiving sundered from solicitude.
If one as herald came with rueful face
To say, "The curse has fallen, and the host
Gone down to death; and one wide wound has reached
The city's heart, and out of many homes
Many are cast and consecrate to death,
Beneath the double scourge, that Ares loves,
The bloody pair, the fire and sword of doom"--
If such sore burden weighed upon my tongue,
'Twere fit to speak such words as gladden fiends.
But--coming as he comes who bringeth news
Of safe return from toil, and issues fair,
To men rejoicing in a weal restored--
Dare I to dash good words with ill, and say
How the gods' anger smote the Greeks in storm?
For fire and sea, that erst held bitter feud,
Now swore conspiracy and pledged their faith,
Wasting the Argives worn with toil and war.
Night and great horror of the rising wave
Came o'er us, and the blasts that blow from Thrace
Clashed ship with ship, and some with plunging prow
Thro' scudding drifts of spray and raving storm
Vanished, as strays by some ill shepherd driven.
And when at length the sun rose bright, we saw
Th' Aegaean sea-field flecked with flowers of death,
Corpses of Grecian men and shattered hulls.
For us indeed, some god, as well I deem,
No human power, laid hand upon our helm,
Snatched us or prayed us from the powers of air,
And brought our bark thro' all, unharmed in hull:
And saving Fortune sat and steered us fair,
So that no surge should gulf us deep in brine,
Nor grind our keel upon a rocky shore.

So 'scaped we death that lurks beneath the sea,
But, under day's white light, mistrustful all
Of fortune's smile, we sat and brooded deep,
Shepherds forlorn of thoughts that wandered wild,
O'er this new woe; for smitten was our host,
And lost as ashes scattered from the pyre.
Of whom if any draw his life-breath yet,
Be well assured, he deems of us as dead,
As we of him no other fate forebode.
But heaven save all! If Menelaus live,
He will not tarry, but will surely come:
Therefore if anywhere the high sun's ray
Descries him upon earth, preserved by Zeus,
Who wills not yet to wipe his race away,
Hope still there is that homeward he may wend.
Enough--thou hast the truth unto the end.

Chorus:
Say, from whose lips the presage fell?
Who read the future all too well,
And named her, in her natal hour,
Helen, the bride with war for dower?
Twas one of the Invisible,
Guiding his tongue with prescient power.
On fleet, and host, and citadel,
War, sprung from her, and death did lour,
When from the bride-bed's fine-spun veil
She to the Zephyr spread her sail.

Strong blew the breeze--the surge closed o'er
The cloven track of keel and oar,
But while she fled, there drove along,
Fast in her wake, a mighty throng--
Athirst for blood, athirst for war,
Forward in fell pursuit they sprung,
Then leapt on Simois' bank ashore,
The leafy coppices among--
No rangers, they, of wood and field,
But huntsmen of the sword and shield.

Heaven's jealousy, that works its will,
Sped thus on Troy its destined ill,
Well named, at once, the Bride and Bane;
And loud rang out the bridal strain;
But they to whom that song befel
Did turn anon to tears again;
Zeus tarries, but avenges still
The husband's wrong, the household's stain!
He, the hearth's lord, brooks not to see
Its outraged hospitality.

Even now, and in far other tone,
Troy chants her dirge of mighty moan,
"Woe upon Paris, woe and hate!
Who wooed his country's doom for mate"--
This is the burthen of the groan,
Wherewith she wails disconsolate
The blood, so many of her own
Have poured in vain, to fend her fate;
Troy! thou hast fed and freed to roam
A lion-cub within thy home!

A suckling creature, newly ta'en
From mother's teat, still fully fain
Of nursing care; and oft caressed,
Within the arms, upon the breast,
Even as an infant, has it lain;
Or fawns and licks, by hunger pressed,
The hand that will assuage its pain;
In life's young dawn, a well-loved guest,
A fondling for the children's play,
A joy unto the old and gray.

But waxing time and growth betrays
The blood-thirst of the lion-race,
And, for the house's fostering care,
Unbidden all, it revels there,
And bloody recompense repays--
Rent flesh of tine, its talons tare:
A mighty beast, that slays and slays,
And mars with blood the household fair,
A God-sent pest invincible,
A minister of fate and hell.

Even so to Ilion's city came by stealth
A spirit as of windless seas and skies,
A gentle phantom-form of joy and wealth,
With love's soft arrows speeding from its eyes--
Love's rose, whose thorn doth pierce the soul in subtle wise.

Ah, well-a-day! the bitter bridal-bed,
When the fair mischief lay by Paris' side!
What curse on palace and on people sped
With her, the Fury sent on Priam's pride,
By angered Zeus! what tears of many a widowed bride!

Long, long ago to mortals this was told,
How sweet security and blissful state
Have curses for their children--so men hold--
And for the man of all-too prosperous fate
Springs from a bitter seed some woe insatiate.

Alone, alone, I deem far otherwise;
Not bliss nor wealth it is, but impious deed,
From which that after-growth of ill doth rise!
Woe springs from wrong, the plant is like the seed--
While Right, in honour's house, doth its own likeness breed.

Some past impiety, some gray old crime,
Breeds the young curse, that wantons in our ill,
Early or late, when haps th' appointed time--
And out of light brings power of darkness still,
A master-fiend, a foe, unseen, invincible;

A pride accursed, that broods upon the race
And home in which dark Atè holds her sway--
Sin's child and Woe's, that wears its parents' face;
While Right in smoky cribs shines clear as day,
And decks with weal his life, who walks the righteous way.

From gilded halls, that hands polluted raise,
Right turns away with proud averted eyes,
And of the wealth, men stamp amiss with praise,
Heedless, to poorer, holier temples hies,
And to Fate's goal guides all, in its appointed wise.

Hail to thee, chief of Atreus' race,
Returning proud from Troy subdued!
How shall I greet thy conquering face,
How nor a fulsome praise obtrude,
Nor stint the meed of gratitude?
For mortal men who fall to ill
Take little heed of open truth,
But seek unto its semblance still:
The show of weeping and of ruth
To the forlorn will all men pay,
But, of the grief their eyes display,
Nought to the heart doth pierce its way.
And, with the joyous, they beguile
Their lips unto a feigned smile,
And force a joy, unfelt the while;
But he who as a shepherd wise
Doth know his flock, can ne'er misread
Truth in the falsehood of his eyes,
Who veils beneath a kindly guise
A lukewarm love in deed.
And thou, our leader--when of yore
Thou badest Greece go forth to war
For Helen's sake--I dare avow
That then I held thee not as now;
That to my vision thou didst seem
Dyed in the hues of disesteem.
I held thee for a pilot ill,
And reckless, of thy proper will,
Endowing others doomed to die
With vain and forced audacity!
Now from my heart, ungrudgingly,
To those that wrought, this word be said--
"Well fall the labour ye have sped--"
Let time and search, O king, declare
What men within thy city's bound
Were loyal to the kingdom's care,
And who were faithless found.

Enter Agamemnon in a chariot, accompanied by Cassandra. He speaks without descending.

Agamemnon:
First, as is meet, a king's All-hail be said
To Argos, and the gods that guard the land--
Gods who with me availed to speed us home,
With me availed to wring from Priam's town
The due of justice. In the court of heaven
The gods in conclave sat and judged the cause,
Not from a pleader's tongue, and at the close,
Unanimous into the urn of doom
This sentence gave, "On Ilion and her men,
Death:" and where hope drew nigh to pardon's urn
No hand there was to cast a vote therein.
And still the smoke of fallen Ilion
Rises in sight of all men, and the flame
Of Atè's hecatomb is living yet,
And where the towers in dusty ashes sink,
Rise the rich fumes of pomp and wealth consumed.
For this must all men pay unto the gods
The meed of mindful hearts and gratitude:
For by our hands the meshes of revenge
Closed on the prey, and for one woman's sake
Troy trodden by the Argive monster lies--
The foal, the shielded band that leapt the wall,
What time with autumn sank the Pleiades.
Yea, o'er the fencing wall a lion sprang
Ravening, and lapped his fill of blood of kings.

Such prelude spoken to the gods in full,
To you I turn, and to the hidden thing
Whereof ye spake but now: and in that thought
I am as you, and what ye say, say I.
For few are they who have such inborn grace,
As to look up with love, and envy not,
When stands another on the height of weal.
Deep in his heart, whom jealousy hath seized,
Her poison lurking doth enhance his load;
For now beneath his proper woes he chafes,
And sighs withal to see another's weal.

Agamemnon:
I speak not idly, but from knowledge sure--
There be who vaunt an utter loyalty,
That is but as the ghost of friendship dead,
A shadow in a glass, of faith gone by.
One only--he who went reluctant forth
Across the seas with me--Odysseus--he
Was loyal unto me with strength and will,
A trusty trace-horse bound unto my car.
Thus--be he yet beneath the light of day,
Or dead, as well I fear--I speak his praise.

Lastly, whate'er be due to men or gods,
With joint debate, in public council held,
We will decide, and warily contrive
That all which now is well may so abide:
For that which haply needs the healer's art,
That will we medicine, discerning well
If cautery or knife befit the time.

Now, to my palace and the shrines of home,
I will pass in, and greet you first and fair,
Ye gods, who bade me forth, and home again--
And long may Victory tarry in my train!

Enter Clytemnestra, followed by maidens bearing purple robes.

Clymemnestra:
Old men of Argos, lieges of our realm,
Shame shall not bid me shrink lest ye should see
The love I bear my lord. Such blushing fear
Dies at the last from hearts of human kind.
From mine own soul and from no alien lips,
I know and will reveal the life I bore,
Reluctant, through the lingering livelong years,
The while my lord beleaguered Ilion's wall.

First, that a wife sat sundered from her lord,
In widowed solitude, was utter woe--
And woe, to hear how rumour's many tongues
All boded evil--woe, when he who came
And he who followed spake of ill on ill,
Keening "Lost, lost, all lost!" thro' hail and bower.
Had this my husband met so many wounds,
As by a thousand channels rumour told,
No network e'er was full of holes as he.
Had he been slain, as oft as tidings came
That he was dead, he well might boast him now
A second Geryon of triple frame,
With triple robe of earth above him laid--
For that below, no matter--triply dead,
Dead by one death for every form he bore.
And thus distraught by news of wrath and woe,
Oft for self-slaughter had I slung the noose,
But others wrenched it from my neck away.
Hence haps it that Orestes, thine and mine,
The pledge and symbol of our wedded troth,
Stands not beside us now, as he should stand.
Nor marvel thou at this: he dwells with one
Who guards him loyally; 'tis Phocis' king,
Strophius, who warned me erst, "Bethink thee, queen,
What woes of doubtful issue well may fall!
Thy lord in daily jeopardy at Troy,
While here a populace uncurbed may cry
"Down with the council, down!" bethink thee too,
Tis the world's way to set a harder heel
On fallen power."
 For thy child's absence then
Such mine excuse, no wily afterthought.
For me, long since the gushing fount of tears
Is wept away; no drop is left to shed.
Dim are the eyes that ever watched till dawn,
Weeping, the bale-fires, piled for thy return,
Night after night unkindled. If I slept,
Each sound--the tiny humming of a gnat,
Roused me again, again, from fitful dreams
Wherein I felt thee smitten, saw thee slain,
Thrice for each moment of mine hour of sleep.

All this I bore, and now, released from woe,
I hail my lord as watch-dog of a fold,
As saving stay-rope of a storm-tossed ship,
As column stout that holds the roof aloft,
As only child unto a sire bereaved,
As land beheld, past hope, by crews forlorn,
As sunshine fair when tempest's wrath is past,
As gushing spring to thirsty wayfarer.
So sweet it is to 'scape the press of pain.
With such salute I bid my husband hail!
Nor heaven be wroth therewith! for long and hard
I bore that ire of old.
Sweet lord, step forth,
Step from thy car, I pray--nay, not on earth
Plant the proud foot, O king, that trod down Troy!
Women! why tarry ye, whose task it is
To spread your monarch's path with tapestry?
Swift, swift, with purple strew his passage fair,
That justice lead him to a home, at last,
He scarcely looked to see.
 For what remains,
Zeal unsubdued by sleep shall nerve my hand
To work as right and as the gods command.

Agamemnon:
Daughter of Leda, watcher o'er my home,
Thy greeting well befits mine absence long,
For late and hardly has it reached its end.
Know, that the praise which honour bids us crave,
Must come from others' lips, not from our own:
See too that not in fashion feminine
Thou make a warrior's pathway delicate;
Not unto me, as to some Eastern lord,
Bowing thyself to earth, make homage loud.
Strew not this purple that shall make each step
An arrogance; such pomp beseems the gods,
Not me. A mortal man to set his foot
On these rich dyes? I hold such pride in fear,
And bid thee honour me as man, not god.

Fear not--such footcloths and all gauds apart,
Loud from the trump of Fame my name is blown;
Best gift of heaven it is, in glory's hour,
To think thereon with soberness: and thou?
Bethink thee of the adage, "Call none blest
Till peaceful death have crowned a life of weal."
Tis said: I fain would fare unvexed by fear.

Clymemnestra:
Nay, but unsay it--thwart not thou my will!

Agamemnon:
Know, I have said, and will not mar my word.

Clymemnestra:
Was it fear made this meekness to the gods?

Agamemnon:
If cause be cause, 'tis mine for this resolve.

Clymemnestra:
What, think'st thou, in thy place had Priam done?

Agamemnon:
He surely would have walked on broidered robes.

Clymemnestra:
Then fear not thou the voice of human blame.

Agamemnon:
Yet mighty is the murmur of a crowd.

Clymemnestra:
Shrink not from envy, appanage of bliss.

Agamemnon:
War is not woman's part, nor war of words.

Clymemnestra:
Yet happy victors well may yield therein.

Agamemnon:
Dost crave for triumph in this petty strife?

Clymemnestra:
Yield; of thy grace permit me to prevail!

Agamemnon:
Then, if thou wilt, let some one stoop to loose
Swiftly these sandals, slaves beneath my foot:
And stepping thus upon the sea's rich dye,
I pray, "Let none among the gods look down
With jealous eye on me"--reluctant all,
To trample thus and mar a thing of price,
Wasting the wealth of garments silver-worth.
Enough hereof: and, for the stranger maid,
Lead her within, but gently: God on high
Looks graciously on him whom triumph's hour
Has made not pitiless. None willingly
Wear the slave's yoke--and she, the prize and flower
Of all we won, comes hither in my train,
Gift of the army to its chief and lord.
--Now, since in this my will bows down to thine,
I will pass in on purples to my home.

Clymemnestra:
A Sea there is--and who shall stay its springs?
And deep within its breast, a mighty store,
Precious as silver, of the purple dye,
Whereby the dipped robe doth its tint renew.
Enough of such, O king, within thy halls
There lies, a store that cannot fail; but I--
I would have gladly vowed unto the gods
Cost of a thousand garments trodden thus,
(Had once the oracle such gift required)
Contriving ransom for thy life preserved.
For while the stock is firm the foliage climbs,
Spreading a shade what time the dog-star glows;
And thou, returning to thine hearth and home,
Art as a genial warmth in winter hours,
Or as a coolness, when the lord of heaven
Mellows the juice within the bitter grape.
Such boons and more doth bring into a home
The present footstep of its proper lord.
Zeus, Zeus, Fulfilment's lord! my vows fulfil,
And whatsoe'er it be, work forth thy will!

Exeunt all but Cassandra and the Chorus.

Chorus:
Wherefore for ever on the wings of fear
Hovers a vision drear
Before my boding heart? a strain,
Unbidden and unwelcome, thrills mine ear,
Oracular of pain.
Not as of old upon my bosom's throne
Sits Confidence, to spurn
Such fears, like dreams we know not to discern.
Old, old and gray long since the time has grown,
Which saw the linked cables moor
The fleet, when erst it came to Ilion's sandy shore;
And now mine eyes and not another's see
Their safe return.

Yet none the less in me
The inner spirit sings a boding song,
Self-prompted, sings the Furies' strain--
And seeks, and seeks in vain,
To hope and to be strong!

Ah! to some end of Fate, unseen, unguessed,
Are these wild throbbings of my heart and breast?
Yea, of some doom they tell?
Each pulse, a knell.
Lief, lief I were, that all
To unfulfilment's hidden realm might fall.

Too far, too far our mortal spirits strive,
Grasping at utter weal, unsatisfied--
Till the fell curse, that dwelleth hard beside,
Thrust down the sundering wall. Too fair they blow,
The gales that waft our bark on Fortune's tide!
Swiftly we sail, the sooner all to drive
Upon the hidden rock, the reef of woe.

Then if the hand of caution warily
Sling forth into the sea
Part of the freight, lest all should sink below,
From the deep death it saves the bark: even so,
Doom-laden though it be, once more may rise
His household, who is timely wise.

How oft the famine-stricken field
Is saved by God's large gift, the new year's yield!
But blood of man once spilled,
Once at his feet shed forth, and darkening the plain,--
Nor chant nor charm can call it back again.

So Zeus hath willed:
Else had he spared the leech Asclepius, skilled
To bring man from the dead: the hand divine
Did smite himself with death--a warning and a sign.

Ah me! if Fate, ordained of old,
Held not the will of gods constrained, controlled,
Helpless to us ward, and apart--
Swifter than speech my heart
Had poured its presage out!
Now, fretting, chafing in the dark of doubt,
Tis hopeless to unfold
Truth, from fear's tangled skein; and, yearning to proclaim
Its thought, my soul is prophecy and flame.

Re-enter 'Clymemnestra:
Get thee within thou too, Cassandra, go!
For Zeus to thee in gracious mercy grants
To share the sprinklings of the lustral bowl,
Beside the altar of his guardianship,
Slave among many slaves. What, haughty still?
Step from the car; Alcmena's son, 'tis said,
Was sold perforce and bore the yoke of old.
Ay, hard it is, but, if such fate befall,
'Tis a fair chance to serve within a home
Of ancient wealth and power. An upstart lord,
To whom wealth's harvest came beyond his hope,
Is as a lion to his slaves, in all
Exceeding fierce, immoderate in sway.
Pass in: thou hearest what our ways will be.

Chorus:
Clear unto thee, O maid, is her command,
But thou--within the toils of Fate thou art--
If such thy will, I urge thee to obey;
Yet I misdoubt thou dost nor hear nor heed.

Clymemnestra:
I wot--unless like swallows she doth use
Some strange barbarian tongue from oversea--
My words must speak persuasion to her soul.

Chorus:
Obey: there is no gentler way than this.
Step from the car's high seat and follow her.

Clymemnestra:
Truce to this bootless waiting here without!
I will not stay: beside the central shrine
The victims stand, prepared for knife and fire--
Offerings from hearts beyond all hope made glad.
Thou--if thou reckest aught of my command,
'Twere well done soon: but if thy sense be shut
From these my words, let thy barbarian hand
Fulfil by gesture the default of speech.

Chorus:
No native is she, thus to read thy words
Unaided: like some wild thing of the wood,
New-trapped, behold! she shrinks and glares on thee.

Clymemnestra:
'Tis madness and the rule of mind distraught,
Since she beheld her city sink in fire,
And hither comes, nor brooks the bit, until
In foam and blood her wrath be champed away.
See ye to her; unqueenly 'tis for me,
Unheeded thus to cast away my words.

Exit Clytemnestra.

Chorus:
But with me pity sits in anger's place.
Poor maiden, come thou from the car; no way
There is but this--take up thy servitude.

Cassandra:
Woe, woe, alas! Earth, Mother Earth! and thou
Apollo, Apollo!

Chorus:
Peace! shriek not to the bright prophetic god,
Who will not brook the suppliance of woe.

Cassandra:
Woe, woe, alas! Earth, Mother Earth! and thou
Apollo, Apollo!

Chorus:
Hark, with wild curse she calls anew on him,
Who stands far off and loathes the voice of wail.

Cassandra:
Apollo, Apollo!
God of all ways, but only Death's to me,
Once and again, O thou, Destroyer named,
Thou hast destroyed me, thou, my love of old!

Chorus:
She grows presageful of her woes to come,
Slave tho' she be, instinct with prophecy.

Cassandra:
Apollo, Apollo!
God of all ways, but only Death's to me,
O thou Apollo, thou Destroyer named!
What way hast led me, to what evil home?

Chorus:
Know'st thou it not? The home of Atreus' race:
Take these my words for sooth and ask no more.

Cassandra:
Home cursed of God! Bear witness unto me,
Ye visioned woes within--
The blood-stained hands of them that smite their kin--
The strangling noose, and, spattered o'er
With human blood, the reeking floor!

Chorus:
How like a sleuth-hound questing on the track,
Keen-scented unto blood and death she hies!

Cassandra:
Ah! can the ghostly guidance fail,
Whereby my prophet-soul is onwards led?
Look! for their flesh the spectre-children wail,
Their sodden limbs on which their father fed!

Chorus:
Long since we knew of thy prophetic fame,--
But for those deeds we seek no prophet's tongue.

Cassandra:
God! 'tis another crime--
Worse than the storied woe of olden time,
Curelessabhorred, that one is plotting here--
A shaming death, for those that should be dear!
Alas! and far away, in foreign land,
He that should help doth stand!

Chorus:
I knew th' old tales, the city rings withal--
But now thy speech is dark, beyond my ken.

Cassandra:
O wretch, O purpose fell!
Thou for thy wedded lord
The cleansing wave hast poured--
A treacherous welcome!
 How the sequel tell?
Too soon 'twill come, too soon, for now, even now,
She smites him, blow on blow!

Chorus:
Riddles beyond my rede--I peer in vain
Thro' the dim films that screen the prophecy.

Cassandra:
God! a new sight! a net, a snare of hell,
Set by her hand--herself a snare more fell!
A wedded wife, she slays her lord,
Helped by another hand!
 Ye powers, whose hate
Of Atreus' home no blood can satiate,
Raise the wild cry above the sacrifice abhorred!

Chorus:
Why biddest thou some fiend, I know not whom,
Shriek o'er the house? Thine is no cheering word.
Back to my heart in frozen fear I feel
My waning life-blood run--
The blood that round the wounding steel
Ebbs slow, as sinks life's parting sun--
Swift, swift and sure, some woe comes pressing on!

Cassandra:
Away, away--keep him away--
The monarch of the herd, the pasture's pride,
Far from his mate! In treach'rous wrath,
Muffling his swarthy horns, with secret scathe
She gores his fenceless side!
Hark! in the brimming bath,
The heavy plash--the dying cry--
Hark--in the laver--hark, he falls by treachery!

Chorus:
I read amiss dark sayings such as thine,
Yet something warns me that they tell of ill.
O dark prophetic speech,
Ill tidings dost thou teach
Ever, to mortals here below!
Ever some tale of awe and woe
Thro' all thy windings manifold
Do we unriddle and unfold!

Cassandra:
Ah well-a-day! the cup of agony,
Whereof I chant, foams with a draught for me.
Ah lord, ah leader, thou hast led me here--
Was't but to die with thee whose doom is near?

Chorus:
Distraught thou art, divinely stirred,
And wailest for thyself a tuneless lay,
As piteous as the ceaseless tale
Wherewith the brown melodious bird
Doth ever Itys! Itys! wail,
Deep-bowered in sorrow, all its little life-time's day!

Cassandra:
Ah for thy fate, O shrill-voiced nightingale!
Some solace for thy woes did Heaven afford,
Clothed thee with soft brown plumes, and life apart from wail?
But for my death is edged the double-biting sword!

Chorus:
What pangs are these, what fruitless pain,
Sent on thee from on high?
Thou chantest terror's frantic strain,
Yet in shrill measured melody.
How thus unerring canst thou sweep along
The prophet's path of boding song?

Cassandra:
Woe, Paris, woe on thee! thy bridal joy
Was death and fire upon thy race and Troy!
And woe for thee, Scamander's flood!
Beside thy banks, O river fair,
I grew in tender nursing care
From childhood unto maidenhood!
Now not by thine, but by Cocytus' stream
And Acheron's banks shall ring my boding scream.

Chorus:
Too plain is all, too plain!
A child might read aright thy fateful strain.
Deep in my heart their piercing fang
Terror and sorrow set, the while I heard
That piteous, low, tender word,
Yet to mine ear and heart a crushing pang.

Cassandra:
Woe for my city, woe for Ilion's fall!
Father, how oft with sanguine stain
Streamed on thine altar-stone the blood of cattle, slain
That heaven might guard our wall!
But all was shed in vain.
Low lie the shattered towers whereas they fell,
And I--ah burning heart!--shall soon lie low as well.

Chorus:
Of sorrow is thy song, of sorrow still!
Alas, what power of ill
Sits heavy on thy heart and bids thee tell
In tears of perfect moan thy deadly tale?
Some woe--I know not what--must close thy piteous wail.

Cassandra:
List! for no more the presage of my soul,
Bride-like, shall peer from its secluding veil;
But as the morning wind blows clear the east,
More bright shall blow the wind of prophecy,
And as against the low bright line of dawn
Heaves high and higher yet the rolling wave,
So in the clearing skies of prescience
Dawns on my soul a further, deadlier woe,
And I will speak, but in dark speech no more.
Bear witness, ye, and follow at my side--
I scent the trail of blood, shed long ago.
Within this house a choir abidingly
Chants in harsh unison the chant of ill;
Yea, and they drink, for more enhardened joy,
Man's blood for wine, and revel in the halls,
Departing never, Furies of the home.
They sit within, they chant the primal curse,
Each spitting hatred on that crime of old,
The brother's couch, the love incestuous
That brought forth hatred to the ravisher.
Say, is my speech or wild and erring now,
Or doth its arrow cleave the mark indeed?
They called me once, "The prophetess of lies,
The wandering hag, the pest of every door--"
Attest ye now, She knows in very sooth
"The house's curse, the storied infamy."

Chorus:
Yet how should oath--how loyally soe'er
I swear it--aught avail thee? In good sooth,

Agamemnon:
My wonder meets thy claim: I stand amazed
That thou, a maiden born beyond the seas,
Dost as a native know and tell aright
Tales of a city of an alien tongue.

Cassandra:
That is my power--a boon Apollo gave.

Chorus:
God though he were, yearning for mortal maid?

Cassandra:
Ay! what seemed shame of old is shame no more.

Chorus:
Such finer sense suits not with slavery.

Cassandra:
He strove to win me, panting for my love.

Chorus:
Came ye by compact unto bridal joys?

Cassandra:
Nay--for I plighted troth, then foiled the god.

Chorus:
Wert thou already dowered with prescience?

Cassandra:
Yea--prophetess to Troy of all her doom.

Chorus:
How left thee then Apollo's wrath unscathed?

Cassandra:
I, false to him, seemed prophet false to all.

Chorus:
Not so--to us at least thy words seem sooth.

Cassandra:
Woe for me, woe! Again the agony--
Dread pain that sees the future all too well
With ghastly preludes whirls and racks my soul.
Behold ye--yonder on the palace roof
The spectre-children sitting--look, such things
As dreams are made on, phantoms as of babes,
Horrible shadows, that a kinsman's hand
Hath marked with murder, and their arms are full--
A rueful burden--see, they hold them up,
The entrails upon which their father fed!

For this, for this, I say there plots revenge
A coward lion, couching in the lair--
Guarding the gate against my master's foot--
My master--mine--I bear the slave's yoke now,
And he, the lord of ships, who trod down Troy,
Knows not the fawning treachery of tongue
Of this thing false and dog-like--how her speech
Glozes and sleeks her purpose, till she win
By ill fate's favour the desired chance,
Moving like Atè to a secret end.
O aweless soul! the woman slays her lord--
Woman? what loathsome monster of the earth
Were fit comparison? The double snake--
Or Scylla, where she dwells, the seaman's bane,
Girt round about with rocks? some hag of hell,
Raving a truceless curse upon her kin?
Hark--even now she cries exultingly
The vengeful cry that tells of battle turned--
How fain, forsooth, to greet her chief restored!
Nay then, believe me not: what skills belief
Or disbelief? Fate works its will--and thou
Wilt see and say in ruth, "Her tale was true."

Chorus:
Ah--'tis Thyestes' feast on kindred flesh--
I guess her meaning and with horror thrill,
Hearing no shadow'd hint of th' o'er-true tale,
But its full hatefulness: yet, for the rest,
Far from the track I roam, and know no more.

Cassandra:
'Tis Agamemnon's doom thou shalt behold.

Chorus:
Peace, hapless woman, to thy boding words!

Cassandra:
Far from my speech stands he who sains and saves.

Chorus:
Ay--were such doom at hand--which God forbid!

Cassandra:
Thou prayest idly--these move swift to slay.

Chorus:
What man prepares a deed of such despite?

Cassandra:
Fool! thus to read amiss mine oracles.

Chorus:
Deviser and device are dark to me.

Cassandra:
Dark! all too well I speak the Grecian tongue.

Chorus:
Ay--but in thine, as in Apollo's strains,
Familiar is the tongue, but dark the thought.

Cassandra:
Ah ah the fire! it waxes, nears me now--
Woe, woe for me, Apollo of the dawn!

Lo, how the woman-thing, the lioness
Couched with the wolf--her noble mate afar--
Will slay me, slave forlorn! Yea, like some witch
She drugs the cup of wrath, that slays her lord
With double death--his recompense for me!
Ay, 'tis for me, the prey he bore from Troy,
That she hath sworn his death, and edged the steel!
Ye wands, ye wreaths that cling around my neck,
Ye showed me prophetess yet scorned of all--
I stamp you into death, or e'er I die--
Down, to destruction!
Thus I stand revenged--
Go, crown some other with a prophet's woe.
Look! it is he, it is Apollo's self
Rending from me the prophet-robe he gave
God! while I wore it yet, thou saw'st me mocked
There at my home by each malicious mouth--
To all and each, an undivided scorn.
The name alike and fate of witch and cheat--
Woe, poverty, and famine--all I bore;
And at this last the god hath brought me here
Into death's toils, and what his love had made
His hate unmakes me now: and I shall stand
Not now before the altar of my home,
But me a slaughter-house and block of blood
Shall see hewn down, a reeking sacrifice.
Yet shall the gods have heed of me who die,
For by their will shall one requite my doom.
He, to avenge his father's blood outpoured,
Shall smite and slay with matricidal hand.
Ay, he shall come--tho' far away he roam,
A banished wanderer in a stranger's land--
To crown his kindred's edifice of ill,
Called home to vengeance by his father's fall:
Thus have the high gods sworn, and shall fulfil.

And now why mourn I, tarrying on earth,
Since first mine Ilion has found its fate
And I beheld, and those who won the wall
Pass to such issue as the gods ordain?
I too will pass and like them dare to die!

Turns and looks upon the palace door.

Portal of Hades, thus I bid thee hail!
Grant me one boon--a swift and mortal stroke,
That all unwrung by pain, with ebbing blood
Shed forth in quiet death, I close mine eyes.

Chorus:
Maid of mysterious woes, mysterious lore,
Long was thy prophecy: but if aright
Thou readest all thy fate, how, thus unscared,
Dost thou approach the altar of thy doom,
As fronts the knife some victim, heaven-controlled?

Cassandra:
Friends, there is no avoidance in delay.

Chorus:
Yet who delays the longest, his the gain.

Cassandra:
The day is come--flight were small gain to me!

Chorus:
O brave endurance of a soul resolved!

Cassandra:
That were ill praise, for those of happier doom.

Chorus:
All fame is happy, even famous death.

Cassandra:
Ah sire, ah brethren, famous once were ye!

She moves to enter the house, then starts back.

Chorus:
What fear is this that scares thee from the house?

Cassandra:
Pah!

Chorus:
What is this cry? some dark despair of soul?

Cassandra:
Pah! the house fumes with stench and spilth of blood.

Chorus:
How? 'tis the smell of household offerings.

Cassandra:
'Tis rank as charnel-scent from open graves.

Chorus:
Thou canst not mean this scented Syrian nard?

Cassandra:
Nay, let me pass within to cry aloud
The monarch's fate and mine--enough of life.
Ah friends!
Bear to me witness, since I fall in death,
That not as birds that shun the bush and scream
I moan in idle terror. This attest
When for my death's revenge another dies,
A woman for a woman, and a man
Falls, for a man ill-wedded to his curse.
Grant me this boon--the last before I die.

Chorus:
Brave to the last! I mourn thy doom foreseen.

Cassandra:
Once more one utterance, but not of wail,
Though for my death--and then I speak no more.

I thou whose beam I shall not see again,
To thee I cry, Let those whom vengeance calls
To slay their kindred's slayers, quit withal
The death of me, the slave, the fenceless prey.

Ah state of mortal man! in time of weal,
A line, a shadow! and if ill fate fall,
One wet sponge-sweep wipes all our trace away--
And this I deem less piteous, of the twain.

Exit into the palace.

Chorus:
Too true it is! our mortal state
With bliss is never satiate,
And none, before the palace high
And stately of prosperity,
Cries to us with a voice of fear,
"Away! 'tis ill to enter here!"

Lo! this our lord hath trodden down,
By grace of heaven, old Priam's town,
And praised as god he stands once more
On Argos' shore!
Yet now--if blood shed long ago
Cries out that other blood shall flow--
His life-blood, his, to pay again
The stern requital of the slain--
Peace to that braggart's vaunting vain,
Who, having heard the chieftain's tale,
Yet boasts of bliss untouched by bale!

A loud cry from within.

Voice of Agamemnon:
O I am sped--a deep, a mortal blow.

Chorus:
Listen, listen! who is screaming as in mortal agony?

Voice of Agamemnon:
O! O! again, another, another blow!

Chorus:
The bloody act is over--I have heard the monarch cry--
Let us swiftly take some counsel, lest we too be doomed to die.

One of the Chorus:
'Tis best, I judge, aloud for aid to call,
Ho! loyal Argives! to the palace, all!

Another:
Better, I deem, ourselves to bear the aid,
And drag the deed to light, while drips the blade.

Another:
Such will is mine, and what thou say'st I say:
Swiftly to act! the time brooks no delay.

Another:
Ay, for 'tis plain, this prelude of their song
Foretells its close in tyranny and wrong.

Another:
Behold, we tarry--but thy name, Delay,
They spurn, and press with sleepless hand to slay.

Another:
I know not what 'twere well to counsel now--
Who wills to act, 'tis his to counsel how.

Another:
Thy doubt is mine: for when a man is slain,
I have no words to bring his life again.

Another:
What? e'en for life's sake, bow us to obey
These house-defilers and their tyrant sway?

Another
Unmanly doom! 'twere better far to die--
Death is a gentler lord than tyranny.

Another:
Think well--must cry or sign of woe or pain
Fix our conclusion that the chief is slain?

Another:
Such talk befits us when the deed we see--
Conjecture dwells afar from certainty.

Leader of the Chorus:
I read one will from many a diverse word,
To know aright, how stands it with our lord!

The scene opens, disclosing Clytemnestra, who comes forward. The body of Agamemnon lies, muffled in a long robe, within a silver-sided laver; the corpse of Cassandra is laid beside him.

Clymemnestra:
Ho, ye who heard me speak so long and oft
The glozing word that led me to my will?
Hear how I shrink not to unsay it all!
How else should one who willeth to requite
Evil for evil to an enemy
Disguised asfriend, weave the mesh straitly round him,
Not to be overleaped, a net of doom?
This is the sum and issue of old strife,
Of me deep-pondered and at length fulfilled.
All is avowed, and as I smote I stand
With foot set firm upon a finished thing!
I turn not to denial: thus I wrought
So that he could nor flee nor ward his doom,
Even as the trammel hems the scaly shoal,
I trapped him with inextricable toils,
The ill abundance of a baffling robe;
Then smote him, once, again--and at each wound
He cried aloud, then as in death relaxed
Each limb and sank to earth; and as he lay,
Once more I smote him, with the last third blow,
Sacred to Hades, saviour of the dead.
And thus he fell, and as he passed away,
Spirit with body chafed; each dying breath
Flung from his breast swift bubbling jets of gore,
And the dark sprinklings of the rain of blood
Fell upon me; and I was fain to feel
That dew--not sweeter is the rain of heaven
To cornland, when the green sheath teems with grain,

Elders of Argos--since the thing stands so,
I bid you to rejoice, if such your will:
Rejoice or not, I vaunt and praise the deed,
And well I ween, if seemly it could be,
'Twere not ill done to pour libations here,
Justly--ay, more than justly--on his corpse
Who filled his home with curses as with wine,
And thus returned to drain the cup he filled.

Chorus:
I marvel at thy tongue's audacity,
To vaunt thus loudly o'er a husband slain.

Clymemnestra:
Ye hold me as a woman, weak of will,
And strive to sway me: but my heart is stout,
Nor fears to speak its uttermost to you,
Albeit ye know its message. Praise or blame,
Even as ye list,--I reck not of your words.
Lo! at my feet lies Agamemnon slain,
My husband once--and him this hand of mine,
A right contriver, fashioned for his death.
Behold the deed!

Chorus:
Woman, what deadly birth,
What venomed essence of the earth
Or dark distilment of the wave,
To thee such passion gave,
Nerving thine hand
To set upon thy brow this burning crown,
The curses of thy land?
"Our king by thee cut off, hewn down!
Go forth--they cry--accursèd and forlorn,
To hate and scorn!"

Clymemnestra:
O ye just men, who speak my sentence now,
The city's hate, the ban of all my realm!
Ye had no voice of old to launch such doom
On him, my husband, when he held as light
My daughter's life as that of sheep or goat,
One victim from the thronging fleecy fold!
Yea, slew in sacrifice his child and mine,
The well-loved issue of my travail-pangs,
To lull and lay the gales that blew from Thrace.
That deed of his, I say, that stain and shame,
Had rightly been atoned by banishment;
But ye, who then were dumb, are stern to judge
This deed of mine that doth affront your ears.
Storm out your threats, yet knowing this for sooth,
That I am ready, if your hand prevail
As mine now doth, to bow beneath your sway:
If God say nay, it shall be yours to learn
By chastisement a late humility.

Chorus:
Bold is thy craft, and proud
Thy confidence, thy vaunting loud;
Thy soul, that chose a murd'ress' fate,
Is all with blood elate--
Maddened to know
The blood not yet avenged, the damnèd spot
Crimson upon thy brow.
But Fate prepares for thee thy lot--
Smitten as thou didst smite, without a friend,
To meet thine end!

Clymemnestra:
Hear then the sanction of the oath I swear?
By the great vengeance for my murdered child,
By Atè, by the Fury unto whom
This man lies sacrificed by hand of mine,
I do not look to tread the hall of Fear,
While in this hearth and home of mine there burns
The light of love--Aegisthus--as of old
Loyal, a stalwart shield of confidence--
As true to me as this slain man was false,
Wronging his wife with paramours at Troy,
Fresh from the kiss of each Chryseis there!
Behold him dead--behold his captive prize,
Seeress and harlot--comfort of his bed,
True prophetess, true paramour--I wot
The sea-bench was not closer to the flesh,
Full oft, of every rower, than was she.
See, ill they did, and ill requites them now.
His death ye know: she as a dying swan
Sang her last dirge, and lies, as erst she lay,
Close to his side, and to my couch has left
A sweet new taste of joys that know no fear.

Chorus:
Ah woe and well-a-day! I would that Fate--
Not bearing agony too great,
Nor stretching me too long on couch of pain--
Would bid mine eyelids keep
The morningless and unawakening sleep!
For life is weary, now my lord is slain,
The gracious among kings!
Hard fate of old he bore and many grievous things,
And for a woman's sake, on Ilian land--
Now is his life hewn down, and by a woman's hand.
O Helen, O infatuate soul,
Who bad'st the tides of battle roll,
Overwhelming thousands, life on life,
Neath Ilion's wall!
And now lies dead the lord of all.
The blossom of thy storied sin
Bears blood's inexpiable stain,
O thou that erst, these halls within,
Wert unto all a rock of strife,
A husband's bane!

Clymemnestra:
Peace! pray not thou for death as though
Thine heart was whelmed beneath this woe,
Nor turn thy wrath aside to ban
The name of Helen, nor recall
How she, one bane of many a man,
Sent down to death the Danaan lords,
To sleep at Troy the sleep of swords,
And wrought the woe that shattered all.

Chorus:
Fiend of the race! that swoopest fell
Upon the double stock of Tantalus,
Lording it o'er me by a woman's will,
Stern, manful, and imperious?
A bitter sway to me!
Thy very form I see,
Like some grim raven, perched upon the slain,
Exulting o'er the crime, aloud, in tuneless strain!

Clymemnestra:
Right was that word--thou namest well
The brooding race-fiend, triply fell!
From him it is that murder's thirst,
Blood-lapping, inwardly is nursed--
Ere time the ancient scar can sain,
New blood comes welling forth again.

Chorus:
Grim is his wrath and heavy on our home,
That fiend of whom thy voice has cried,
Alas, an omened cry of woe unsatisfied,
An all-devouring doom!

Ah woe, ah Zeus! from Zeus all things befall--
Zeus the high cause and finisher of all!--
Lord of our mortal state, by him are willed
All things, by him fulfilled!

Yet ah my king, my king no more!
What words to say, what tears to pour
Can tell my love for thee?
The spider-web of treachery
She wove and wound, thy life around,
And lo! I see thee lie,
And thro' a coward, impious wound
Pant forth thy life and die!
A death of shame--ah woe on woe!
A treach'rous hand, a cleaving blow!

Clymemnestra:
My guilt thou harpest, o'er and o'er!
I bid thee reckon me no more
As Agamemnon's spouse.
The old Avenger, stern of mood
For Atreus and his feast of blood,
Hath struck the lord of Atreus' house,
And in the semblance of his wife
The king hath slain.--
Yea, for the murdered children's life,
A chieftain's in requital ta'en.

Chorus:
Thou guiltless of this murder, thou!
Who dares such thought avow?
Yet it may be, wroth for the parent's deed,
The fiend hath holpen thee to slay the son.
Dark Ares, god of death, is pressing on
Thro' streams of blood by kindred shed,
Exacting the accompt for children dead,
For clotted blood, for flesh on which their sire did feed.

Yet ah my king, my king no more!
What words to say, what tears to pour
Can tell my love for thee?
The spider-web of treachery
She wove and wound, thy life around,
And lo! I see thee lie,
And thro' a coward, impious wound
Pant forth thy life and die!
A death of shame--ah woe on woe!
A treach'rous hand, a cleaving blow!

Clymemnestra:
I deem not that the death he died
Had overmuch of shame:
For this was he who did provide
Foul wrong unto his house and name:
His daughter, blossom of my womb,
He gave unto a deadly doom,
Iphigenia, child of tears!
And as he wrought, even so he fares.
Nor be his vaunt too loud in hell;
For by the sword his sin he wrought,
And by the sword himself is brought
Among the dead to dwell.

Chorus:
Ah whither shall I fly?
For all in ruin sinks the kingly hall;
Nor swift device nor shift of thought have I,
To 'scape its fall.
A little while the gentler rain-drops fail;
I stand distraught--a ghastly interval,
Till on the roof-tree rings the bursting hail
Of blood and doom. Even now fate whets the steel
On whetstones new and deadlier than of old,
The steel that smites, in Justice' hold,
Another death to deal.
O Earth! that I had lain at rest
And lapped for ever in thy breast,
Ere I had seen my chieftain fall
Within the laver's silver wall,
Low-lying on dishonoured bier!
And who shall give him sepulchre,
And who the wail of sorrow pour?
Woman, 'tis thine no more!
A graceless gift unto his shade
Such tribute, by his murd'ress paid!
Strive not thus wrongly to atone
The impious deed thy hand hath done.
Ah who above the god-like chief
Shall weep the tears of loyal grief?
Who speak above his lowly grave
The last sad praises of the brave?

Clymemnestra:
Peace! for such task is none of thine.
By me he fell, by me he died,
And now his burial rites be mine!
Yet from these halls no mourners' train
Shall celebrate his obsequies;
Only by Acheron's rolling tide
His child shall spring unto his side,
And in a daughter's loving wise
Shall clasp and kiss him once again!

Chorus:
Lo! sin by sin and sorrow dogg'd by sorrow--
And who the end can know?
The slayer of to-day shall die to-morrow--
The wage of wrong is woe.
While Time shall be, while Zeus in heaven is lord,
His law is fixed and stern;
On him that wrought shall vengeance be outpoured--
The tides of doom return.
The children of the curse abide within
These halls of high estate--
And none can wrench from off the home of sin
The clinging grasp of fate.

Clymemnestra:
Now walks thy word aright, to tell
This ancient truth of oracle;
But I with vows of sooth will pray
To him, the power that holdeth sway
O'er all the race of Pleisthenes--
"Tho' dark the deed and deep the guilt,
With this last blood, my hands have spilt,
I pray thee let thine anger cease!
I pray thee pass from us away
To some new race in other lands,
There, if than wilt, to wrong and slay
The lives of men by kindred hands."

For me 'tis all sufficient meed,
Tho' little wealth or power were won,
So I can say, "'Tis past and done.
The bloody lust and murderous,
The inborn frenzy of our house,
Is ended, by my deed!"

Enter Aegisthus.

Aegisthus:
Dawn of the day of rightful vengeance, hail!
I dare at length aver that gods above
Have care of men and heed of earthly wrongs.
I, I who stand and thus exult to see
This man lie wound in robes the Furies wove,
Slain in requital of his father's craft.
Take ye the truth, that Atreus, this man's sire,
The lord and monarch of this land of old,
Held with my sire Thyestes deep dispute,
Brother with brother, for the prize of sway,
And drave him from his home to banishment.
Thereafter, the lorn exile homeward stole
And clung a suppliant to the hearth divine,
And for himself won this immunity?
Not with his own blood to defile the land
That gave him birth. But Atreus, godless sire
Of him who here lies dead, this welcome planned--
With zeal that was not love he feigned to hold
In loyal joy a day of festal cheer,
And bade my father to his board, and set
Before him flesh that was his children once.
First, sitting at the upper board alone,
He hid the fingers and the feet, but gave
The rest--and readily Thyestes took
What to his ignorance no semblance wore
Of human flesh, and ate: behold what curse
That eating brought upon our race and name!
For when he knew what all unhallowed thing
He thus had wrought, with horror's bitter cry
Back-starting, spewing forth the fragments foul,
On Pelops' house a deadly curse he spake?
"As darkly as I spurn this damned food,
So perish all the race of Pleisthenes!"
Thus by that curse fell he whom here ye see,
And I--who else?--this murder wove and planned;
For me, an infant yet in swaddling bands,
Of the three children youngest, Atreus sent
To banishment by my sad father's side:
But Justice brought me home once more, grown now
To manhood's years; and stranger tho' I was,
My right hand reached unto the chieftain's life,
Plotting and planning all that malice bade.
And death itself were honour now to me,
Beholding him in Justice' ambush ta'en.

Chorus:
Aegisthus, for this insolence of thine
That vaunts itself in evil, take my scorn.
Of thine own will, thou sayest, thou hast slain
The chieftain, by thine own unaided plot
Devised the piteous death: I rede thee well,
Think not thy head shall 'scape, when right prevails,
The people's ban, the stones of death and doom.

Aegisthus:
This word from thee, this word from one who rows
Low at the oars beneath, what time we rule,
We of the upper tier? Thou'lt know anon,
'Tis bitter to be taught again in age,
By one so young, submission at the word.
But iron of the chain and hunger's throes
Can minister unto an o'erswoln pride
Marvellous well, ay, even in the old.
Hast eyes, and seest not this? Peace--kick not thus
Against the pricks, unto thy proper pain!

Chorus:
Thou womanish man, waiting till war did cease,
Home-watcher and defiler of the couch,
And arch-deviser of the chieftain's doom!

Aegisthus:
Bold words again! but they shall end in tears.
The very converse, thine, of Orpheus' tongue:
He roused and led in ecstasy of joy
All things that heard his voice melodious;
But thou as with the futile cry of curs
Wilt draw men wrathfully upon thee. Peace!
Or strong subjection soon shall tame thy tongue.

Chorus:
Ay, thou art one to hold an Argive down--
Thou, skilled to plan the murder of the king,
But not with thine own hand to smite the blow!

Aegisthus:
That fraudful force was woman's very part,
Not mine, whom deep suspicion from of old
Would have debarred. Now by his treasure's aid
My purpose holds to rule the citizens.
But whoso will not bear my guiding hand,
Him for his corn-fed mettle I will drive
Not as a trace-horse, light-caparisoned,
But to the shafts with heaviest harness bound.
Famine, the grim mate of the dungeon dark,
Shall look on him and shall behold him tame.

Chorus:
Thou losel soul, was then thy strength too slight
To deal in murder, while a woman's hand,
Staining and shaming Argos and its gods,
Availed to slay him? Ho, if anywhere
The light of life smite on Orestes' eyes,
Let him, returning by some guardian fate,
Hew down with force her paramour and her!

Aegisthus:
How thy word and act shall issue, thou shalt shortly understand.

Chorus:
Up to action, O my comrades! for the fight is hard at hand
Swift, your right hands to the sword hilt! bare the weapon as for
strife--

Aegisthus:
Lo! I too am standing ready, hand on hilt for death or life.

Chorus:
'Twas thy word and we accept it: onward to the chance of war!

Clymemnestra:
Nay, enough, enough, my champion! we will smite and slay
no more.
Already have we reaped enough the harvest-field of guilt:
Enough of wrong and murder, let no other blood be spilt.
Peace, old men! and pass away unto the homes by Fate decreed,
Lest ill valour meet our vengeance--'twas a necessary deed.
But enough of toils and troubles--be the end, if ever, now,
Ere thy talon, O Avenger, deal another deadly blow.
Tis a woman's word of warning, and let who willlist thereto.

Aegisthus:
But that these should loose and lavish reckless blossoms of the tongue,
And in hazard of their fortune cast upon me words of wrong,

And forget the law of subjects, and revile theirruler's word--

Chorus:
Ruler? but 'tis not for Argives, thus to own a dastard lord!

Aegisthus:
I will follow to chastise thee in my coming days of sway.

Chorus:
Not if Fortune guide Orestes safely on his homeward way.

Aegisthus:
Ah, well I know how exiles feed on hopes of their return.

Chorus:
Fare and batten on pollution of the right, while 'tis thy turn.

Aegisthus:
Thou shalt pay, be well assured, heavy quittance for thy pride

Chorus:
Crow and strut, with her to watch thee, like a cock, his mate beside!

Clymemnestra:
Heed not thou too highly of them--let the cur-pack growl and yell:
I and thou will rule the palace and will order all things well.

Exeunt.

The Libation Bearers (Choephori)

Dramatis Personae

ORESTES, son of AGAMEMNON and CLYTEMNESTRA
CHORUS OF SLAVE WOMEN
ELECTRA, sister of ORESTES
A NURSE
CLYTEMNESTRA
AEGISTHUS
AN ATTENDANT

The Libation Bearers (Choephori)

Scene 

By the tomb of Agamemnon near the palace in Argos. ORESTES and PYLADES enter, dressed as travellers. ORESTES carries two locks of hair in his hand.

ORESTES
Lord of the shades and patron of the realm 
That erst my father swayed, list now my prayer, 
Hermes, and save me with thine aiding arm, 
Me who from banishment returning stand 
On this my country; lo, my foot is set 
On this grave-mound, and herald-like, as thou, 
Once and again, I bid my father hear. 
And these twin locks, from mine head shorn, I bring, 
And one to Inachus the river-god, 
My young life's nurturer, I dedicate, 
And one in sign of mourning unfulfilled 
I lay, though late, on this my father's grave. 
For O my father, not beside thy corse 
Stood I to wail thy death, nor was my hand 
Stretched out to bear thee forth to burial. 

What sight is yonder? what this woman-throng 
Hitherward coming, by their sable garb 
Made manifest as mourners? What hath chanced? 
Doth some new sorrow hap within the home? 
Or rightly may I deem that they draw near 
Bearing libations, such as soothe the ire 
Of dead men angered, to my father's grave? 
Nay, such they are indeed; for I descry 
Electra mine own sister pacing hither, 
In moody grief conspicuous. Grant, O Zeus, 
Grant me my father's murder to avenge- 
Be thou my willing champion! 
Pylades, 
Pass we aside, till rightly I discern 
Wherefore these women throng in suppliance.

PYLADES and ORESTES withdraw; the CHORUS enters bearing vessels for libation; ELECTRA follows them; they pace slowly towards the tomb of Agamemnon.

CHORUS singing

strophe 1

Forth from the royal halls by high command 
I bear libations for the dead. 
Rings on my smitten breast my smiting hand, 
And all my cheek is rent and red, 
Fresh-furrowed by my nails, and all my soul 
This many a day doth feed on cries of dole. 
And trailing tatters of my vest, 
In looped and windowed raggedness forlorn, 
Hang rent around my breast, 
Even as I, by blows of Fate most stern 
Saddened and torn. 

antistrophe 1

Oracular thro' visions, ghastly clear, 
Bearing a blast of wrath from realms below, 
And stiffening each rising hair with dread, 
Came out of dream-land Fear, 
And, loud and awful, bade 
The shriek ring out at midnight's witching hour, 
And brooded, stern with woe, 
Above the inner house, the woman's bower 
And seers inspired did read the dream on oath, 
Chanting aloud In realms below 
The dead are wroth; 
Against their slayers yet their ire doth glow. 

strophe 2

Therefore to bear this gift of graceless worth- 
O Earth, my nursing mother!- 
The woman god-accurs'd doth send me forth 
Lest one crime bring another. 
Ill is the very word to speak, for none 
Can ransom or atone 
For blood once shed and darkening the plain. 
O hearth of woe and bane, 
O state that low doth lie! 
Sunless, accursed of men, the shadows brood 
Above the home of murdered majesty. 

antistrophe 2

Rumour of might, unquestioned, unsubdued, 
Pervading ears and soul of lesser men, 
Is silent now and dead. 
Yet rules a viler dread; 
For bliss and power, however won, 
As gods, and more than gods, dazzle our mortal ken. 

Justice doth mark, with scales that swiftly sway, 
Some that are yet in light; 
Others in interspace of day and night, 
Till Fate arouse them, stay; 
And some are lapped in night, where all things are undone 

strophe 3

On the life-giving lap of Earth 
Blood hath flowed forth; 
And now, the seed of vengeance, clots the plain- 
Unmelting, uneffaced the stain. 
And Ate tarries long, but at the last 
The sinner's heart is cast 
Into pervading, waxing pangs of pain. 

antistrophe 3

Lo, when man's force doth ope 
The virgin doors, there is nor cure nor hope 
For what is lost,-even so, I deem, 
Though in one channel ran Earth's every stream, 
Laving the hand defiled from murder's stain, 
It were in vain. 

epode

And upon me-ah me!-the gods have laid 
The woe that wrapped round Troy, 
What time they led me down from home and kin 
Unto a slave's employ- 
The doom to bow the head 
And watch our master's will 
Work deeds of good and ill- 
To see the headlong sway of force and sin, 
And hold restrained the spirit's bitter hate, 
Wailing the monarch's fruitless fate, 
Hiding my face within my robe, and fain 
Of tears, and chilled with frost of hidden pain.

ELECTRA
Handmaidens, orderers of the palace-halls, 
Since at my side ye come, a suppliant train, 
Companions of this offering, counsel me 
As best befits the time: for I, who pour 
Upon the grave these streams funereal, 
With what fair word can I invoke my sire? 
Shall I aver, Behold, I bear these gifts 
From well-loved wife unto her well-loved lord, 
When 'tis from her, my mother, that they come? 
I dare not say it: of all words I fail 
Wherewith to consecrate unto my sire 
These sacrificial honours on his grave. 
Or shall I speak this word, as mortals use- 
Give back, to those who send these coronals, 
Full recompense-of ills for acts malign? 
Or shall I pour this draught for Earth to drink, 
Sans word or reverence, as my sire was slain, 
And homeward pass with unreverted eyes, 
Casting the bowl away, as one who flings 
The household cleansings to the common road? 
Be art and part, O friends, in this my doubt, 
Even as ye are in that one common hate 
Whereby we live attended: fear ye not 
The wrath of any man, nor hide your word 
Within your breast: the day of death and doom 
Awaits alike the freeman and the slave. 
Speak, then, if aught thou know'st to aid us more.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Thou biddest; I will speak my soul's thought out, 
Revering as a shrine thy father's grave.

ELECTRA
Say then thy say, as thou his tomb reverest.

LEADER
Speak solemn words to them that love, and pour.

ELECTRA
And of his kin whom dare I name as kind?

LEADER
Thyself; and next, whoe'er Aegisthus scorns.

ELECTRA
Then 'tis myself and thou, my prayer must name.

LEADER
Whoe'er they be, 'tis thine to know and name them.

ELECTRA
Is there no other we may claim as ours?

LEADER
Think of Orestes, though far-off he be.

ELECTRA
Right well in this too hast thou schooled my thought.

LEADER
Mindfully, next, on those who shed the blood-

ELECTRA
Pray on them what? expound, instruct my doubt.

LEADER
This: Upon them some god or mortal come-

ELECTRA
As judge or as avenger? speak thy thought.

LEADER
Pray in set terms, Who shall the slayer slay.

ELECTRA
Beseemeth it to ask such boon of heaven?

LEADER
How not, to wreak a wrong upon a foe?

ELECTRA praying at the tomb
O mighty Hermes, warder of the shades, 
Herald of upper and of under world, 
Proclaim and usher down my prayer's appeal 
Unto the gods below, that they with eyes 
Watchful behold these halls. my sire's of old- 
And unto Earth, the mother of all things, 
And loster-nurse, and womb that takes their seed. 

Lo, I that pour these draughts for men now dead, 
Call on my father, who yet holds in ruth 
Me and mine own Orestes, Father, speak- 
How shall thy children rule thine halls again? 
Homeless we are and sold; and she who sold 
Is she who bore us; and the price she took 
Is he who joined with her to work thy death, 
Aegisthus, her new lord. Behold me here 
Brought down to slave's estate, and far away 
Wanders Orestes, banished from the wealth 
That once was thine, the profit of thy care, 
Whereon these revel in a shameful joy. 
Father, my prayer is said; 'tis thine to hear- 
Grant that some fair fate bring Orestes home, 
And unto me grant these-a purer soul 
Than is my mother's, a more stainless hand. 

These be my prayers for us; for thee, O sire, 
I cry that one may come to smite thy fops, 
And that the slayers may in turn be slain. 
Cursed is their prayer, and thus I bar its path, 
Praying mine own, a counter-curse on them. 
And thou, send up to us the righteous boon 
For which we pray; thine aids be heaven and earth, 
And justice guide the right to victory.

To the CHORUS

Thus have I prayed, and thus I shed these streams, 
And follow ye the wont, and as with flowers 
Crown ye with many a tear and cry the dirge 
Your lips ring out above the dead man's grave.

She pours the libations.

CHORUS chanting
Woe, woe, woe! 
Let the teardrop fall, plashing on the ground 
Where our lord lies low: 
Fall and cleanse away the cursed libation's stair., 
Shed on this grave-mound, 
Fenced wherein together, gifts of good or bane 
From the dead are found. 
Lord of Argos, hearken! 
Though around thee darken 
Mist of death and hell, arise and hear 
Hearken and awaken to our cry of woe! 
Who with might of spear 
Shall our home deliver? 
Who like Ares bend until it quiver, 
Bend the northern bow? 
Who with hand upon the hilt himself will thrust with glaive, 
Thrust and slay and save?

ELECTRA
Lo! the earth drinks them, to my sire they pass-

She notices the locks of ORESTES.

Learn ye with me of this thing new and strange.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Speak thou; my breast doth palpitate with fear.

ELECTRA
I see upon the tomb a curl new shorn.

LEADER
Shorn from wnat man or what deep-girded maid?

ELECTRA
That may he, guess who will; the sign is plain.

LEADER
Let me learn this of thee; let youth prompt age.

ELECTRA
None is there here but I, to clip such gift.

LEADER
For they who thus should mourn him hate him sore.

ELECTRA
And lo! in truth the hair exceeding like-

LEADER
Like to what locks and whose? instruct me that.

ELECTRA
Like unto those my father's children wear.

LEADER
Then is this lock Orestes' secret gift?

ELECTRA
Most like it is unto the curls he wore.

LEADER
Yet how dared he to come unto his home?

ELECTRA
He hath but sent it, clipt to mourn his sire.

LEADER
It is a sorrow grievous as his death, 
That he should live yet never dare return.

ELECTRA
Yea, and my heart o'erflows with gall of grief, 
And I am pierced as with a cleaving dart; 
Like to the first drops after drought, my tears 
Fall down at will, a bitter bursting tide, 
As on this lock I gaze; I cannot deem 
That any Argive save Orestes' self 
Was ever lord thereof; nor, well I wot, 
Hath she, the murd'ress, shorn and laid this lock 
To mourn him whom she slew-my mother she, 
Bearing no mother's heart, but to her race 
A loathing spirit, loathed itself of heaven! 
Yet to affirm, as utterly made sure, 
That this adornment cometh of the hand 
Of mine Orestes, brother of my soul, 
I may not venture, yet hope flatters fair! 
Ah well-a-day, that this dumb hair had voice 
To glad mine ears, as might a messenger, 
Bidding me sway no more 'twixt fear and hope, 
Clearly commanding, Cast me hence away, 
Clipped was I from some head thou lovest not; 
Or, I am kin to thee, and here, as thou, 
I come to weep and deck our father's grave. 
Aid me, ye gods! for well indeed ye know 
How in the gale and counter-gale of doubt, 
Like to the seaman's bark, we whirl and stray. 
But, if God will our life, how strong shall spring, 
From seed how small, the new tree of our home!- 
Lo ye, a second sign-these footsteps, looks- 
Like to my own, a corresponsive print; 
And look, another footmark,-this his own, 
And that the foot of one who walked with him. 
Mark, how the heel and tendons' print combine, 
Measured exact, with mine coincident! 
Alas, for doubt and anguish rack my mind.

ORESTES and PYLADES enter suddenly.

ORESTES
Pray thou, in gratitude for prayers fulfilled, 
Fair fall the rest of what I ask of heaven.

ELECTRA
Wherefore? what win I from the gods by prayer?

ORESTES
This, that thine eyes behold thy heart's desire.

ELECTRA
On whom of mortals know'st thou that I call?

ORESTES
I know thy yearning for Orestes deep.

ELECTRA
Say then, wherein event hath crowned my prayer?

ORESTES
I, I am he; seek not one more akin.

ELECTRA
Some fraud, O stranger, weavest thou for me?

ORESTES
Against myself I weave it, if I weave.

ELECTRA
Ah, thou hast mind to mock me in my woel

ORESTES
'Tis at mine own I mock then, mocking thine.

ELECTRA
Speak I with thee then as Orestes' self?

ORESTES
My very face thou see'st and know'st me not, 
And yet but now, when thou didst see the lock 
Shorn for my father's grave, and when thy quest 
Was eager on the footprints I had made, 
Even I, thy brother, shaped and sized as thou, 
Fluttered thy spirit, as at sight of me! 
Lay now this ringlet whence 'twas shorn, and judge, 
And look upon this robe, thine own hands' work, 
The shuttle-prints, the creature wrought thereon- 
Refrain thyself, nor prudence lose in joy, 
For well I wot, our kin are less than kind.

ELECTRA
O thou that art unto our father's home 
Love, grief and hope, for thee the tears ran down, 
For thee, the son, the saviour that should be; 
Trust thou thine arm and win thy father's halls! 
O aspect sweet of fourfold love to me, 
Whom upon thee the heart's constraint bids cal 
As on my father, and the claim of love 
From me unto my mother turns to thee, 
For she is very hate; to thee too turns 
What of my heart went out to her who died 
A ruthless death upon the altar-stone; 
And for myself I love thee-thee that wast 
A brother leal, sole stay of love to me. 
Now by thy side be strength and right, and Zeus 
Saviour almighty, stand to aid the twain!

ORESTES
Zeus, Zeus! look down on our estate and us, 
The orphaned brood of him, our eagle-sire, 
Whom to his death a fearful serpent brought, 
Enwinding him in coils; and we, bereft 
And foodless, sink with famine, all too weak 
To bear unto the eyrie, as he bore, 
Such quarry as he slew. Lo! I and she, 
Electra, stand before thee, fatherless, 
And each alike cast out and homeless made.

ELECTRA
And if thou leave to death the brood of him 
Whose altar blazed for thee, whose reverence 
Was thine, all thine,-whence, in the after years, 
Shall any hand like his adorn thy shrine 
With sacrifice of flesh? the eaglets slain, 
Thou wouldst not have a messenger to bear 
Thine omens, once so clear, to mortal men; 
So, if this kingly stock be withered all, 
None on high festivals will fend thy shrine. 
Stoop thou to raise us! strong the race shall grow, 
Though puny now it seem, and fallen low.

LEADER
O children, saviours of your father's home, 
Beware ye of your words, lest one should hear 
And bear them, for the tongue hath lust to tell, 
Unto our masters-whom God grant to me 
In pitchy reek of fun'ral flame to seel

ORESTES
Nay, mighty is Apollo's oracle 
And shall not fail me, whom it bade to pass 
Thro' all this peril; clear the voice rang out 
With many warnings, sternly threatening 
To my hot heart the wintry chill of pain, 
Unless upon the slayers of my sire 
I pressed for vengeance: this the god's command- 
That I, in ire for home and wealth despoiled, 
Should with a craft like theirs the slayers slay: 
Else with my very life I should atone 
This deed undone, in many a ghastly wise. 
For he proclaimed unto the ears of men 
That offerings, poured to angry powers of death, 
Exude again, unless their will be done, 
As grim disease on those that poured them forth- 
As leprous ulcers mounting on the flesh 
And with fell fangs corroding what of old 
Wore natural form; and on the brow arise 
White poisoned hairs, the crown of this disease. 
He spake moreover of assailing fiends 
Empowered to quit on me my father's blood, 
Wreaking their wrath on me, what time in night 
Beneath shut lids the spirit's eye sees clear. 
The dart that flies in darkness, sped from hell 
By spirits of the murdered dead who call 
Unto their kin for vengeance, formless fear, 
The night-tide's visitant, and madness' curse 
Should drive and rack me; and my tortured frame 
Should be chased forth from man's community 
As with the brazen scorpions of the scourge. 
For me and such as me no lustral bowl 
Should stand, no spilth of wine be poured to God 
For me, and wrath unseen of my dead sire 
Should drive me from the shrine; no man should dare 
To take me to his hearth, nor dwell with me: 
Slow, friendless, cursed of all should be mine end, 
And pitiless horror wind me for the grave. 
This spake the god-this dare I disobey? 
Yea, though I dared, the deed must yet be done; 
For to that end diverse desires combine,- 
The god's behest, deep grief for him who died, 
And last, the grievous blank of wealth despoiled- 
All these weigh on me, urge that Argive men, 
Minions of valour, who with soul of fire 
Did make of fenced Troy a ruinous heap, 
Be not left slaves to two and each a woman! 
For he, the man, wears woman's heart; if not, 
Soon shall he know, confronted by a man.

ORESTES, ELECTRA, and the CHORUS gather round the tomb of Agamemnon. The following lines are chanted responsively.

CHORUS
Mighty Fates, on you we call! 
Bid the will of Zeus ordain 
Power to those, to whom again 
Justice turns with hand and aid! 
Grievous was the prayer one made 
Grievous let the answer fall! 
Where the mighty doom is set, 
Justice claims aloud her debt. 
Who in blood hath dipped the steel, 
Deep in blood her meed shall feel 
List an immemorial word- 
Whosoe'er shall take the sword 
Shall perish by the sword.

ORESTES
Father, unblest in death, O father mine! 
What breath of word or deed 
Can I waft on thee from this far confine 
Unto thy lowly bed,- 
Waft upon thee, in midst of darkness lying, 
Hope's counter-gleam of fire? 
Yet the loud dirge of praise brings grace undying 
Unto each parted sire.

CHORUS
O child, the spirit of the dead, 
Altho' upon his flesh have fed 
The grim teeth of the flame, 
Is quelled not; after many days 
The sting of wrath his soul shall raise, 
A vengeance to reclaim! 
To the dead rings loud our cry- 
Plain the living's treachery- 
Swelling, shrilling, urged on high, 
The vengeful dirge, for parents slain, 
Shall strive and shall attain.

ELECTRA
Hear me too, even me, O father, hear! 
Not by one child alone these groans, these tears are shed 
Upon thy sepulchre. 
Each, each, where thou art lowly laid, 
Stands, a suppliant, homeless made: 
Ah, and all is full of ill, 
Comfort is there none to say! 
Strive and wrestle as we may, 
Still stands doom invincible.

CHORUS
Nay, if so he will, the god 
Still our tears to joy can turn. 
He can bid a triumph-ode 
Drown the dirge beside this urn; 
He to kingly halls can greet 
The child restored, the homeward-guided feet.

ORESTES
Ah my father! hadst thou lain 
Under Ilion's wall, 
By some Lycian spearman slain, 
Thou hadst left in this thine hall 
Honour; thou hadst wrought for us 
Fame and life most glorious. 
Over-seas if thou hadst died, 
Heavily had stood thy tomb, 
Heaped on high; but, quenched in pride, 
Grief were light unto thy home.

CHORUS
Loved and honoured hadst thou lain 
By the dead that nobly fell, 
In the under-world again, 
Where are throned the kings of hell, 
Full of sway, adorable 
Thou hadst stood at their right hand- 
Thou that wert, in mortal land, 
By Fate's ordinance and law, 
King of kings who bear the crown 
And the staff, to which in awe 
Mortal men bow down.

ELECTRA
Nay, O father, I were fain 
Other fate had fallen on thee. 
Ill it were if thou hadst lain 
One among the common slain, 
Fallen by Scamander's side- 
Those who slew thee there should be! 
Then, untouched by slavery, 
We had heard as from afar 
Deaths of those who should have died 
'Mid the chance of war.

CHORUS
O child, forbear! things all too high thou sayest. 
Easy, but vain, thy cry! 
A boon above all gold is that thou prayest, 
An unreached destiny, 
As of the blessed land that far aloof 
Beyond the north wind lies; 
Yet doth your double prayer ring loud reproof; 
A double scourge of sighs 
Awakes the dead; th' avengers rise, though late; 
Blood stains the guilty pride 
Of the accursed who rule on earth, and Fate 
Stands on the children's side.

ELECTRA
That hath sped thro' mine ear, like a shaft from a bow! 
Zeus, Zeus! it is thou who dost send from below 
A doom on the desperate ere long 
On a mother a father shall visit his wrong.

CHORUS
Be it mine to upraise thro' the reek of the pyre 
The chant of delight, while the funeral fire 
Devoureth the corpse of a man that is slain 
And a woman laid low! 
For who bids me conceal it! out-rending control, 
Blows ever the stern blast of hate thro' my soul, 
And before me a vision of wrath and of bane 
Flits and waves to and fro.

ORESTES
Zeus, thou alone to us art parent now. 
Smite with a rending blow 
Upon their heads, and bid the land be well: 
Set right where wrong hath stood; and thou give ear, 
O Earth, unto my prayer- 
Yea, hear O mother Earth, and monarchy of hell

CHORUS
Nay, the law is sternly set- 
Blood-drops shed upon the ground 
Plead for other bloodshed yet; 
Loud the call of death doth sound, 
Calling guilt of olden time, 
A Fury, crowning crime with crime.

ELECTRA
Where, where are ye, avenging powers, 
Puissant Furies of the slain? 
Behold the relics of the race 
Of Atreus, thrust from pride of place! 
O Zeus, what borne henceforth is ours, 
What refuge to attain?

CHORUS
Lo, at your wail my heart throbs, wildly stirred; 
Now am I lorn with sadness, 
Darkened in all my soul, to hear your sorrow's word 
Anon to hope, the seat of strength, I rise,- 
She, thrusting grief away, lifts up mine eyes 
To the new dawn of gladness.

ORESTES
Skills it to tell of aught save wrong on wrong, 
Wrought by our mother's deed? 
Though now she fawn for pardon, sternly strong 
Standeth our wrath, and will nor hear nor heed. 
Her children's soul is wolfish, born from hers, 
And softens not by prayers.

CHORUS
I dealt upon my breast the blow 
That Asian mourning women know; 
Wails from-my breast the fun'ral cry, 
The Cissian weeping melody; 
Stretched rendingly forth, to tatter and tear, 
My clenched hands wander, here and there, 
From head to breast; distraught with blows 
Throb dizzily my brows.

ELECTRA
Aweless in hate, O mother, sternly brave! 
As in a foeman's grave 
Thou laid'st in earth a king, but to the bier 
No citizen drew nears- 
Thy husband, thine, yet for his obsequies, 
Thou bad'st no wail arise!

ORESTES
Alas, the shameful burial thou dost speak! 
Yet I the vengeance of his shame will wreak- 
That do the gods command! 
That shall achieve mine hand! 
Grant me to thrust her life away, and 
Will dare to die!

CHORUS
List thou the deed! Hewn down and foully torn, 
He to the tomb was borne; 
Yea, by her hand, the deed who wrought, 
With like dishonour to the grave was brought, 
And by her hand she strove, with strong desire, 
Thy life to crush, O child, by murder of thy sire: 
Bethink thee, hearing, of the shame, the pain 
Wherewith that sire was slain!

ELECTRA
Yea, such was the doom of my sire; well-a-day, 
I was thrust from his side,- 
As a dog from the chamber they thrust me away, 
And in place of my laughter rose sobbing and tears, 
As in darkness I lay. 
O father, if this word can pass to thine ears, 
To thy soul let it reach and abide!

CHORUS
Let it pass, let it pierce, through the sense of thine ear, 
To thy soul, where in silence it waiteth the hour! 
The past is accomplished; but rouse thee to hear 
What the future prepareth; awake and appear, 
Our champion, in wrath and in power!

ORESTES
O father, to thy loved ones come in aid.

ELECTRA
With tears I call on thee.

CHORUS
Listen and rise to light! 
Be thou with us, be thou against the foe! 
Swiftly this cry arises-even so 
Pray we, the loyal band, as we have prayed!

ORESTES
Let their might meet with mine, and their right with my right.

ELECTRA
O ye Gods, it is yours to decree.

CHORUS
Ye call unto the dead; I quake to hear. 
Fate is ordained of old, and shall fulfil your prayer.

ELECTRA
Alas, the inborn curse that haunts our home, 
Of Ate's bloodstained scourge the tuneless sound! 
Alas, the deep insufferable doom, 
The stanchless wound!

ORESTES
It shall be stanched, the task is ours,- 
Not by a stranger's, but by kindred hand, 
Shall be chased forth the blood-fiend of our land. 
Be this our spoken spell, to call Earth's nether powers!

CHORUS
Lords of a dark eternity, 
To you has come the children's cry, 
Send up from hell, fulfil your aid 
To them who prayed.

The chant is concluded.

ORESTES
O father, murdered in unkingly wise, 
Fulfil my prayer, grant me thine halls to sway.

ELECTRA
To me, too, grant this boon-dark death to deal 
Unto Aegisthus, and to 'scape my doom.

ORESTES
So shall the rightful feasts that mortals pay 
Be set for thee; else, not for thee shall rise 
The scented reek of altars fed with flesh, 
But thou shalt lie dishonoured: hear thou me!

ELECTRA
I too, from my full heritage restored, 
Will pour the lustral streams, what time I pass 
Forth as a bride from these paternal halls, 
And honour first, beyond all graves, thy tomb.

ORESTES
Earth, send my sire to fend me in the fight!

ELECTRA
Give fair-faced fortune, O Persephone!

ORESTES
Bethink thee, father, in the laver slain-

ELECTRA
Bethink thee of the net they handselled for thee!

ORESTES
Bonds not of brass ensnared thee, father mine.

ELECTRA
Yea, the ill craft of an enfolding robe.

ORESTES
By this our bitter speech arise, O sire!

ELECTRA
Raise thou thine head at love's last, dearest call!

ORESTES
Yea, speed forth Right to aid thy kinsmen's cause; 
Grip for grip, let them grasp the foe, if thou 
Willest in triumph to forget thy fall.

ELECTRA
Hear me, O father, once again hear me. 
Lo! at thy tomb, two fledglings of thy brood- 
A man-child and a maid; hold them in ruth, 
Nor wipe them out, the last of Pelops' line. 
For while they live, thou livest from the dead; 
Children are memory's voices, and preserve 
The dead from wholly dying: as a net 
Is ever by the buoyant corks upheld, 
Which save the flax-mesh, in the depth submerged. 
Listen, this wail of ours doth rise for thee, 
And as thou heedest it thyself art saved.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
In sooth, a blameless prayer ye spake at length- 
The tomb's requital for its dirge denied: 
Now, for the rest, as thou art fixed to do, 
Take fortune by the hand and work thy will.

ORESTES
The doom is set; and yet I fain would ask- 
Not swerving from the course of my resolve,- 
Wherefore she sent these offerings, and why 
She softens all too late her cureless deed? 
An idle boon it was, to send them here 
Unto the dead who recks not of such gifts. 
I cannot guess her thought, but well I ween 
Such gifts are skilless to atone such crime. 
Be blood once spilled, an idle strife he strives 
Who seeks with other wealth or wine outpoured 
To atone the deed. So stands the word, nor fails. 
Yet would I know her thought; speak, if thou knowest.

LEADER
I know it, son; for at her side I stood. 
'Twas the night-wandering terror of a dream 
That flung her shivering from her couch, and bade her- 
Her, the accursed of God-these offerings send.

ORESTES
Heard ye the dream, to tell it forth aright?

LEADER
Yea, from herself; her womb a serpent bare.

ORESTES
What then the sum and issue of the tale?

LEADER
Even as a swaddled child, she lull'd the thing.

ORESTES
What suckling craved the creature, born full-fanged?

LEADER
Yet in her dreams she proffered it the breast.

ORESTES
How? did the hateful thing not bite her teat?

LEADER
Yea, and sucked forth a blood-gout in the milk.

ORESTES
Not vain this dream-it bodes a man's revenge.

LEADER
Then out of sleep she started with a cry, 
And thro' the palace for their mistress' aid 
Full many lamps, that erst lay blind with night, 
Flared into light; then, even as mourners use, 
She sends these offerings, in hope to win 
A cure to cleave and sunder sin from doom.

ORESTES
Earth and my father's grave, to you I call- 
Give this her dream fulfilment, and thro' me. 
I read it in each part coincident 
With what shall be; for mark, that serpent sprang 
From the same womb as I, in swaddling bands 
By the same hands was swathed, lipped the same breast, 
And sucking forth the same sweet mother's-milk 
Infused a clot of blood; and in alarm 
She cried upon her wound the cry of pain. 
The rede is clear: the thing of dread she nursed, 
The death of blood she dies; and I, 'tis I, 
In semblance of a serpent, that must slay her. 
Thou art my seer, and thus I read the dream.

LEADER
So do; yet ere thou doest, speak to us, 
Bidding some act, some, by not acting, aid.

ORESTES
Brief my command: I bid my sister pass 
In silence to the house, and all I bid 
This my design with wariness conceal, 
That they who did by craft a chieftain slay 
May by like craft and in like noose be talen, 
Dying the death which Loxias foretold- 
Apollo, king and prophet undisproved. 
I with this warrior Pylades will come 
In likeness of a stranger, full equipt 
As travellers come, and at the palace gates 
Will stand, as stranger yet in friendship's bond 
Unto this house allied; and each of us 
Will speak the tongue that round Parnassus sounds, 
Feigning such speech as Phocian voices use. 
And what if none of those that tend the gates 
Shall welcome us with gladness, since the house 
With ills divine is baunted? If this hap, 
We at the gate will bide, till, passing by, 
Some townsman make conjecture and proclaim, 
How? is Aegisthus here, and knowingly 
Keeps suppliants aloof, by bolt and bar? 
Then shall I win my way; and if I cross 
The threshold of the gate, the palace' guard, 
And find him throned where once my father sat- 
Or if he come anon, and face to face 
Confronting, drop his eyes from mine-I swear 
He shall not utter, Who art thou and whence? 
Ere my steel leap, and compassed round with death 
Low he shall lie: and thus, full-fed with doom, 
The Fury of the house shall drain once more 
A deep third draught of rich unmingled blood. 
But thou, O sister, look that all within 
Be well prepared to give these things event. 
And ye-I say 'twere well to bear a tongue 
Full of fair silence and of fitting speech 
As each beseems the time; and last, do thou, 
Hermes the warder-god, keep watch and ward, 
And guide to victory my striving sword.

ORESTES, PYLADES, and ELECTRA depart.

CHORUS singing

strophe 1

Many and marvellous the things of fear 
Earth's breast doth bear; 
And the sea's lap with many monsters teems, 
And windy levin-bolts and meteor gleams 
Breed many deadly things- 
Unknown and flying forms, with fear upon their wings, 
And in their tread is death; 
And rushing whirlwinds, of whose blasting breath 
Man's tongue can tell. 

antistrophe 1

But who can tell aright the fiercer thing, 
The aweless soul, within man's breast inhabiting? 
Who tell how, passion-fraught and love-distraught, 
The woman's eager, craving thought 
Doth wed mankind to woe and ruin fell? 
Yea, how the loveless love that doth posses 
The woman, even as the lioness, 
Doth rend and wrest apart, with eager strife, 
The link of wedded life? 

strophe 2

Let him be the witness, whose thought is not borne on light wings thro' the air, 
But abideth with knowledge, what thing was wrought by Althea's despair; 
For she marr'd the life-grace of her son, with ill counsel rekindled the flame 
That was quenched as it glowed on the brand, what time from his mother he came, 
With the cry of a new-born child; and the brand from the burning she won, 
For the Fates had foretold it coeval, in life and in death, with her son. 

antistrophe 2

Yea, and man's hate tells of another, even Scylla of murderous guile, 
Who slew for an enemy's sake her father, won o'er by the wile 
And the gifts of Cretan Minos, the gauds of the high-wrought gold; 
For she clipped from her father's head the lock that should never wax old, 
As he breathed in the silence of sleep, and knew not her craft and her crime- 
But Hermes, the guard of the dead, doth grasp her, in fulness of time. 

strophe 3

And since of the crimes of the cruel I tell, let my singing record 
The bitter wedlock and loveless, the curse on these halls outpoured, 
The crafty device of a woman, whereby did a chieftain fall, 
A warrior stern in his wrath, the fear of his enemies all,- 
A song of dishonour, untimely! and cold is the hearth that was warm, 
And ruled by the cowardly spear, the woman's unwomanly arm. 

antistrophe 3

But the summit and crown of all crimes is that which in Lemnos befell; 
A woe and a mourning it is, a shame and a spitting to tell; 
And he that in after time doth speak of his deadliest thought, 
Doth say, It is like to the deed that of old time in Lemnos was wrought; 
And loathed of men were the doers, and perished, they and their seed, 
For the gods brought hate upon them; none loveth the impious deed. 

strophe 4

It is well of these tales to tell; for the sword in the grasp of 
Right 
With a cleaving, a piercing blow to the innermost heart doth smite, 
And the deed unlawfully done is not trodden down nor forgot, 
When the sinner out-steppeth the law and heedeth the high God not; 

antistrophe 4

But justice hath planted the anvil, and Destiny forgeth the sword 
That shall smite in her chosen time; by her is the child restored; 
And, darkly devising, the Fiend of the house, world-cursed, will repay 
The price of the blood of the slain, that was shed in the bygone day.

The scene now is before the palace. ORESTES and PYLADES enter, still dressed as travellers.

ORESTES knocking at the palace gate
What ho! slave, ho! I smite the palace gate 
In vain, it seems; what ho, attend within,- 
Once more, attend; come forth and ope the halls, 
If yet Aegisthus holds them hospitable.

SLAVE from within
Anon, anon!

Opens the door

Speak, from what land art thou, and sent from whom?

ORESTES
Go, tell to them who rule the palace-halls, 
Since 'tis to them I come with tidings new- 
Delay not-Night's dark car is speeding on, 
And time is now for wayfarers to cast 
Anchor in haven, wheresoe'er a house 
Doth welcome strangers-that there now come forth 
Some one who holds authority within- 
The queen, or, if some man, more seemly were it; 
For when man standeth face to face with man, 
No stammering modesty confounds their speech, 
But each to each doth tell his meaning clear.

CLYTEMNESTRA comes out of the palace.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Speak on, O strangers: have ye need of aught? 
Here is whate'er beseems a house like this- 
Warm bath and bed, tired Nature's soft restorer, 
And courteous eyes to greet you; and if aught 
Of graver import needeth act as well, 
That, as man's charge, I to a man will tell.

ORESTES
A Daulian man am I, from Phocis bound, 
And as with mine own travel-scrip self-laden 
I went toward Argos, parting hitherward 
With travelling foot, there did encounter me 
One whom I knew not and who knew not me, 
But asked my purposed way nor hid his own, 
And, as we talked together, told his name- 
Strophius of Phocis; then he said, "Good sir, 
Since in all case thou art to Argos bound, 
Forget not this my message, heed it well, 
Tell to his own, Orestes is no more. 
And-whatsoe'er his kinsfolk shall resolve. 
Whether to bear his dust unto his home, 
Or lay him here, in death as erst in life 
Exiled for aye, a child of banishment- 
Bring me their hest, upon thy backward road; 
For now in brazen compass of an urn 
His ashes lie, their dues of weeping paid." 
So much I heard, and so much tell to thee, 
Not knowing if I speak unto his kin 
Who rule his home; but well, I deem, it were, 
Such news should earliest reach a parent's ear.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Ah woe is me! thy word our ruin tells; 
From roof-tree unto base are we despoiled.- 
O thou whom nevermore we wrestle down, 
Thou Fury of this home, how oft and oft 
Thou dost descry what far aloof is laid, 
Yea, from afar dost bend th' unerring bow 
And rendest from my wretchedness its friends; 
As now Orestes-who, a brief while since, 
Safe from the mire of death stood warily,- 
Was the home's hope to cure th' exulting wrong; 
Now thou ordainest, Let the ill abide.

ORESTES
To host and hostess thus with fortune blest, 
Lief had I come with better news to bear 
Unto your greeting and acquaintanceship; 
For what goodwill lies deeper than the bond 
Of guest and host? and wrong abhorred it were, 
As well I deem, if I, who pledged my faith 
To one, and greetings from the other had, 
Bore not aright the tidings 'twixt the twain.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Whate'er thy news, thou shalt not welcome lack, 
Meet and deserved, nor scant our grace shall be. 
Hadst thou thyself not come, such tale to tell, 
Another, sure, had borne it to our ears. 
But lo! the hour is here when travelling guests, 
Fresh from the daylong labour of the road, 
Should win their rightful due.

To the slave

Take him within 
To the man-chamber's hospitable rest- 
Him and these fellow-farers at his side; 
Give them such guest-right as beseems our halls; 
I bid thee do as thou shalt answer for it, 
And I unto the prince who rules our home 
Will tell the tale, and, since we lack not friends, 
With them will counsel how this hap to bear.

CLYTEMNESTRA goes back into the palace.

ORESTES and PYLADES are conducted to the guest quarters.

CHORUS singing
So be it done- 
Sister-servants, when draws nigh 
Time for us aloud to cry 
Orestes and his victory? 

O holy earth and holy tomb 
Over the grave-pit heaped on high, 
Where low doth Agamemnon lie, 
The king of ships, the army's lord! 
Now is the hour-give ear and come, 
For now doth Craft her aid afford, 
And Hermes, guard of shades in hell, 
Stands o'er their strife, to sentinel 
The dooming of the sword.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
I wot the stranger worketh woe within- 
For lo! I see come forth, suffused with tears, 
Orestes' nurse.

The NURSE enters from the palace.

What ho, Kilissa-thou 
Beyond the doors? Where goest thou? Methinks 
Some grief unbidden walketh at thy side.

NURSE
My mistress bids me, with what speed I may, 
Call in Aegisthus to the stranger guests, 
That he may come, and stinding face to face, 
A man with men, way thus more clearly learn 
This rumour new. Thus speaking, to her slaves 
Laughter for what is wrought-to her desire 
Too well; but ill, ill, ill besets the house, 
Brought by the tale these guests have told so clear. 
And he, God wot, will gladden all his heart 
Hearing this rumour. Woe and well-a-day! 
The bitter mingled cup of ancient woes, 
Hard to be borne, that here in Atreus' house 
Befell, was grievous to mine inmost heart, 
But never yet did I endure such pain. 
All else I bore with set soul patiently; 
But now-alack, alack!--Orestes dear, 
The day and night-long travail of my soul 
Whom from his mother's womb, a new-born child, 
I clasped and cherished! Many a time and oft 
Toilsome and profitless my service was, 
When his shrill outcry called me from my couch! 
For the young child, before the sense is born, 
Hath but a dumb thing's life, must needs be nursed 
As its own nature bids. The swaddled thing 
Hath nought of speech, whate'er discomfort come,- 
Hunger or thirst or lower weakling need,- 
For the babe's stomach works its own relief. 
Which knowing well before, yet oft surprised, 
'Twas mine to cleanse the swaddling clothes-poor 
Was nurse to tend and fuller to make white: 
Two works in one, two handicrafts I took, 
When in mine arms the father laid the boy. 
And now he's dead-alack and well-a-day! 
Yet must I go to him whose wrongful power 
Pollutes this house-fair tidings these to him!

LEADER
Say then, with what array she bids him come?

NURSE
What say'st thou! Speak. more clearly for mine ear.

LEADER
Bids she bring henchmen, or to come alone?

NURSE
She bids him bring a spear-armed body-guard. 
Nay, tell not that unto our loathed lord, 
But speed to him, put on the mien of joy, 
Say, Come alone, fear nought, the news is good: 
A bearer can tell straight a twisted tale.

NURSE
Does then thy mind in this new tale find joy?

LEADER
What if Zeus bid our ill wind veer to fair?

NURSE
And how? the home's hope with Orestes dies.

LEADER
Not yet-a seer, though feeble, this might see.

NURSE
What say'st thou? Know'st thou aught, this tale belying?

LEADER
Go, tell the news to him, perform thine hest,- 
What the gods will, themselves can well provide.

NURSE
Well, I will go, herein obeying thee; 
And luck fall fair, with favour sent from heaven.

She goes out.

CHORUS singing

strophe 1

Zeus, sire of them who on Olympus dwell, 
Hear thou, O hear my prayer! 
Grant to my rightful lords to prosper well 
Even as their zeal is fair! 
For right, for right goes up aloud my cry- 
Zeus, aid him, stand anigh! 

refrain 1

Into his father's hall he goes 
To smite his father's foes. 
Bid him prevail by thee on throne of triumph set, 
Twice, yea and thrice with joy shall he acquit the debt. 

antistrophe 1

Bethink thee, the young steed, the orphan foal 
Of sire beloved by thee, unto the car 
Of doom is harnessed fast. 
Guide him aright, plant firm a lasting goal, 
Speed thou his pace,-O that no chance may mar 
The homeward course, the last! 

strophe 2

And ye who dwell within the inner chamber 
Where shines the stored joy of gold- 
Gods of one heart, O hear ye, and remember; 
Up and avenge the blood shed forth of old, 
With sudden rightful blow; 
Then let the old curse die, nor be renewed 
With progeny of blood,- 
Once more, and not again, be latter guilt laid low! 

refrain 2

O thou who dwell'st in Delphi's mighty cave, 
Grant us to see this home once more restored 
Unto its rightful lord! 
Let it look forth, from veils of death, with joyous eye 
Unto the dawning light of liberty; 

antistrophe 2

And Hermes, Maia's child, lend hand to save, 
Willing the right, and guide 
Our state with Fortune's breeze adown the favouring tide. 
Whate'er in darkness hidden lies, 
He utters at his will; 
He at his will throws darkness on our eyes, 
By night and eke by day inscrutable. 

strophe 3

Then, then shall wealth atone 
The ills that here were done. 
Then, then will we unbind, 
Fling free on wafting wind 
Of joy, the woman's voice that waileth now 
In piercing accents for a chief laid low; 

refrain 3

And this our song shall be- 
Hail to the commonwealth restored! 
Hail to the freedom won to me! 
All hail! for doom hath passed from him, my well-loved lord! 

antistrophe 3

And thou, O child, when Time and Chance agree, 
Up to the deed that for thy sire is done! 
And if she wail unto thee, Spare, O son- 
Cry, Aid, O father-and achieve the deed, 
The horror of man's tongue, the gods' great need! 
Hold in thy breast such heart as Perseus had, 
The bitter woe work forth, 
Appease the summons of the dead, 
The wrath of friends on earth; 
Yea, set within a sign of blood and doom, 
And do to utter death him that polilites thy home.

AEGISTHUS enters alone.

AEGISTHUS
Hither and not unsummoned have I come; 
For a new rumour, borne by stranger men 
Arriving hither, hath attained mine ears, 
Of hap unwished-for, even Orestes' death. 
This were new sorrow, a blood-bolter'd load 
Laid on the house that doth already bow 
Beneath a former wound that festers deep. 
Dare I opine these words have truth and life? 
Or are they tales, of woman's terror born, 
That fly in the void air, and die disproved? 
Canst thou tell aught, and prove it to my soul?

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
What we have heard, we heard; go thou within 
Thyself to ask the strangers of their tale. 
Strengthless are tidings, thro' another heard; 
Question is his, to whom the tale is brought.

AEGISTHUS
I too will meet and test the messenger, 
Whether himself stood witness of the death, 
Or tells it merely from dim rumour learnt: 
None shall cheat me, whose soul hath watchful eyes.

He goes into the palace.

CHORUS singing
Zeus, Zeus! what word to me is given? 
What cry or prayer, invoking heaven, 
Shall first by me be uttered? 
What speech of craft-nor all revealing, 
Nor all too warily concealing- 
Ending my speech, shall aid the deed? 
For lo! in readiness is laid 
The dark emprise, the rending blade; 
Blood-dropping daggers shall achieve 
The dateless doom of Atreus' name, 
Or-kindling torch and joyful flame 
In sign of new-won liberty- 
Once more Orestes shall retrieve 
His father's wealth, and, throned on high, 
Shall hold the city's fealty. 
So mighty is the grasp whereby, 
Heaven-holpen, he shall trip and throw, 
Unseconded, a double foe. 
Ho for the victory!

A loud cry is heard within.

VOICE OF AEGISTHUS

Help, help, alas!

CHORUS
Ho there, ho I how is't within? 
Is't done? is't over? Stand we here aloof 
While it is wrought, that guiltless we may seem 
Of this dark deed; with death is strife fulfilled.

An ATTENDANT enters from the palace.

ATTENDANT
O woe, O woe, my lord is done to death! 
Woe, woe, and woe again, Aegisthus gone! 
Hasten, fling wide the doors, unloose the bolts 
Of the queen's chamber. O for some young strength 
To match the need! but aid availeth nought 
To him laid low for ever. Help, help, help 
Sure to deaf ears I shout, and call in vain 
To slumber ineffectual. What ho! 
The queen! how fareth Clytemnestra's self? 
Her neck too, hers, is close upon the steel, 
And soon shall sing, hewn thro' as justice wills.

CLYTEMNESTRA enters.

CLYTEMNESTRA
What ails thee, raising this ado for us?

ATTENDANT
I say the dead are come to slay the living.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Alack, I read thy riddles all too clear- 
We slew by craft and by like craft shall die. 
Swift, bring the axe that slew my lord of old; 
I'll know anon or death or victory- 
So stands the curse, so I confront it here.

ORESTES rushes from the palace; his sword dripping with blood. PYLADES is with him.

ORESTES
Thee too I seek: for him what's done will serve.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Woe, woe! Aegisthus, spouse and champion, slain!

ORESTES
What, lov'st the man? then in his grave lie down, 
Be his in death, desert him nevermore!

CLYTEMNESTRA
Stay, child, and fear to strike. O son, this breast 
Pillowed thine head full oft, while, drowsed with sleep, 
Thy toothless mouth drew mother's milk from me.

ORESTES
Can I my mother spare? speak, Pylades.

PYLADES
Where then would fall the hest Apollo gave 
At Delphi, where the solemn compact sworn? 
Choose thou the hate of all men, not of gods.

ORESTES
Thou dost prevail; I hold thy counsel good.

To CLYTEMNESTRA

Follow; I will to slay thee at his side. 
With him whom in his life thou loved'st more 
Than Agamemnon, sleep in death, the meed 
For hate where love, and love where hate was due!

CLYTEMNESTRA
I nursed thee young; must I forego mine eld?

ORESTES
Thou slew'st my father; shalt thou dwell with me?

CLYTEMNESTRA
Fate bore a share in these things, O my child

ORESTES
Fate also doth provide this doom for thee.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Beware, O child, a parent's dying curse.

ORESTES
A parent who did cast me out to ill!

CLYTEMNESTRA
Not cast thee out, but to a friendly home.

ORESTES
Born free, I was by twofold bargain sold.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Where then the price that I received for thee?

ORESTES
The price of shame; I taunt thee not more plainly.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Nay, but recount thy father's lewdness too.

ORESTES
Home-keeping, chide not him who toils without.

CLYTEMNESTRA
'Tis hard for wives to live as widows, child.

ORESTES
The absent husband toils for them at home.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Thou growest fain to slay thy mother, child.

ORESTES
Nay, 'tis thyself wilt slay thyself, not I.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Beware thy mother's vengeful hounds from hell.

ORESTES
How shall I 'scape my father's, sparing thee?

CLYTEMNESTRA
Living, I cry as to a tomb, unheard.

ORESTES
My father's fate ordains this doom for thee.

CLYTEMNESTRA
Ah me! this snake it was I bore and nursed.

ORESTES
Ay, right prophetic was thy visioned fear. 
Shameful thy deed was-die the death of shame!

He drives her into the house before him.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Lo, even for these I mourn, a double death: 
Yet since Orestes, driven on by doom, 
Thus crowns the height of murders manifold, 
I say, 'tis well-that not in night and death 
Should sink the eye and light of this our home.

CHORUS singing

strophe 1

There came on Priam's race and name 
A vengeance; though it tarried long, 
With heavy doom it came. 
Came, too, on Agamemnon's hall 
A lion-pair, twin swordsmen strong. 
And last, the heritage doth fall 
To him, to whom from Pythian cave 
The god his deepest counsel gave. 

refrain 1

Cry out, rejoice! our kingly hall 
Hath 'scaped from ruin-ne'er again 
Its ancient wealth be wasted all 
By two usurpers, sin-defiled- 
An evil path of woe and bane! 

antistrophe 1

On him who dealt the dastard blow 
Comes Craft, Revenge's scheming child. 
And hand in hand with him doth go, 
Eager for fight, 
The child of Zeus, whom men below 
Call justice, naming her aright. 
And on her foes her breath 
Is as the blast of death; 

strophe 2

For her the god who dwells in deep recess 
Beneath Parnassus' brow, 
Summons with loud acclaim 
To rise, though late and lame, 
And come with craft that worketh righteousness. 

For even o'er Powers divine this law is strong- 
Thou shalt not serve the wrong. 

refrain 2

To that which ruleth heaven beseems it that we bow 
Lo, freedom's light hath come! 
Lo, now is rent away 
The grim and curbing bit that held us dumb. 
Up to the light, ye halls I this many a day 
Too low on earth ye lay. 

antistrophe 2

And Time, the great Accomplisher, 
Shall cross the threshold, whensoe'er 
He choose with purging hand to cleanse 
The palace, driving all pollution thence. 
And fair the cast of Fortune's die 
Before our state's new lords shall lie, 
Not as of old, but bringing fairer doom. 
Lo, freedom's light hath come!

The central doors of the palace open, disclosing ORESTES standing over the corpses of AEGISTHUS and CLYTEMNESTRA; in one hand he holds his sword, in the other the robe in which AGAMEMNON was entangled and slain.

ORESTES
There lies our country's twofold tyranny, 
My father's slayers, spoilers of my home. 
Erst were they royal, sitting on the throne, 
And loving are they yet,-their common fate 
Tells the tale truly, shows their trothplight firm. 
They swore to work mine ill-starred father's death, 
They swore to die together; 'tis fulfilled. 
O ye who stand, this great doom's witnesses, 
Behold this too, the dark device which bound 
My sire unhappy to his death,-behold 
The mesh which trapped his hands, enwound his feet 
Stand round, unfold it-'tis the trammel-net 
That wrapped a chieftain; hold it that he see, 
The father-not my sire, but he whose eye 
Is judge of all things, the all-seeing Sun! 
Let him behold my mother's damned deed, 
Then let him stand, when need shall be to me, 
Witness that justly I have sought and slain 
My mother; blameless was Aegisthus' doom- 
He died the death law bids adulterers die. 
But she who plotted this accursed thing 
To slay her lord, by whom she bare beneath 
Her girdle once the burden of her babes, 
Beloved erewhile, now turned to hateful foes- 
What deem ye of her? or what venomed thing, 
Sea-snake or adder, had more power than she 
To poison with a touch the flesh unscarred? 
So great her daring, such her impious will. 
How name her, if I may not speak a curse? 
A lion-springe! a laver's swathing cloth, 
Wrapping a dead man, twining round his feet- 
A net, a trammel, an entangling robe? 
Such were the weapon of some strangling thief, 
The terror of the road, a cut-purse hound- 
With such device full many might he kill, 
Full oft exult in heat of villainy. 
Ne'er have my house so cursed an indweller- 
Heaven send me, rather, childless to be slain!

CHORUS chanting
Woe for each desperate deed! 
Woe for the queen, with shame of life bereft! 
And ah, for him who still is left, 
Madness, dark blossom of a bloody seed!

ORESTES
Did she the deed or not? this robe gives proof, 
Imbrued with blood that bathed Aegisthus' sword: 
Look, how the spurted stain combines with time 
To blur the many dyes that once adorned 
Its pattern manifold! I now stand here, 
Made glad, made sad with blood, exulting, wailing- 
Hear, O thou woven web that slew my sire! 
I grieve for deed and death and all my home- 
Victor, pollution's damned stain for prize.

CHORUS chanting
Alas, that none of mortal men 
Can pass his life untouched by pain! 
Behold, one woe is here- 
Another loometh near.

ORESTES
Hark ye and learn-for what the end shall be 
For me I know not: breaking from the curb 
My spirit whirls me off, a conquered prey, 
Borne as a charioteer by steeds distraught 
Far from the course, and madness in my breast 
Burneth to chant its song, and leap, and rave- 
Hark ye and learn, friends, ere my reason goes! 
I say that rightfully I slew my mother, 
A thing God-scorned, that foully slew my sire. 
And chiefest wizard of the spell that bound me 
Unto this deed I name the Pythian seer 
Apollo, who foretold that if I slew, 
The guilt of murder done should pass from me; 
But if I spared, the fate that should be mine 
I dare not blazon forth-the bow of speech 
Can reach not to the mark, that doom to tell. 
And now behold me, how with branch and crown 
I pass, a suppliant made meet to go 
Unto Earth's midmost shrine, the holy ground 
Of Loxias, and that renowned light 
Of ever-burning fire, to 'scape the doom 
Of kindred murder: to no other shrine, 
So Loxias bade, may I for refuge turn. 
Bear witness, Argives, in the after time, 
How came on me this dread fatality. 
Living, I pass a banished wanderer hence, 
To leave in death the memory of this cry.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Nay, but the deed is well; link not thy lips 
To speech ill-starred, nor vent ill-boding words- 
Who hast to Argos her full freedom given, 
Lopping two serpents' heads with timely blow.

ORESTES
Look, look, alas! 
Handmaidens, see-what Gorgon shapes throng up 
Dusky their robes and all their hair enwound- 
Snakes coiled with snakes-off, off,-I must away!

LEADER
Most loyal of all sons unto thy sire, 
What visions thus distract thee? Hold, abide; 
Great was thy victory, and shalt thou fear?

ORESTES
These are no dreams, void shapes of haunting ill, 
But clear to sight another's hell-hounds come!

LEADER
Nay, the fresh bloodshed still imbrues thine hands, 
And thence distraction sinks into thy soul.

ORESTES
O king Apollo-see, they swarm and throng- 
Black blood of hatred dripping from their eyes!

LEADER
One remedy thou hast; go, touch the shrine 
Of Loxias, and rid thee of these woes.

ORESTES
Ye can behold them not, but I behold them. 
Up and away! I dare abide no more.

He rushes out.

LEADER
Farewell then as thou mayst,-the god thy friend 
Guard thee and aid with chances favouring.

CHORUS chanting
Behold, the storm of woe divine 
That raves and beats on Atreus' line 
Its great third blast hath blown. 
First was Thyestes' loathly woe 
The rueful feast of long ago, 
On children's flesh, unknown. 
And next the kingly chief's despite, 
When he who led the Greeks to fight 
Was in the bath hewn down. 
And now the offspring of the race 
Stands in the third, the saviour's place, 
To save-or to consume? 
O whither, ere it be fulfilled, 
Ere its fierce blast be hushed and stilled, 
Shall blow the wind of doom?

The Eumenides

Dramatis Personae

The Pythian Priestess
Apollo
Orestes
The Ghost of Clytemnestra
Chorus of the Furies
Athena
Attendants of Athena
Twelve Athenian Citizens

Drama

The Scene of the Drama is the Temple of Apollo, at Delphi: afterwards the Temple of Athena, on the Acropolis of Athens, and the adjoining Areopagus.

The Eumenides

The Temple at Delphi

The Pythian Priestess:
First, in this prayer, of all the gods I name
The prophet mother Earth; and Themis next,
Second who sat--for so with truth is said--
On this her mother's shrine oracular.
Then by her grace, who unconstrained allowed,
There sat thereon another child of Earth--
Titanian Phoebe. She, in after time,
Gave o'er the throne, as birthgift to a god,
Phoebus, who in his own bears Phoebe's name.
He from the lake and ridge of Delos' isle
Steered to the port of Pallas' Attic shores,
The home of ships; and thence he passed and came
Unto this land and to Parnassus' shrine.
And at his side, with awe revering him,
There went the children of Hephaestus' seed,
The hewers of the sacred way, who tame
The stubborn tract that erst was wilderness.
And all this folk, and Delphos, chieftain-king
Of this their land, with honour gave him home;
And in his breast Zeus set a prophet's soul,
And gave to him this throne, whereon he sits,
Fourth prophet of the shrine, and, Loxias hight,
Gives voice to that which Zeus his sire decrees.

Such gods I name in my preluding prayer,
And after them, I call with honour due
On Pallas, wardress of the fane, and Nymphs
Who dwell around the rock Corycian,
Where in the hollow cave, the wild birds' haunt,
Wander the feet of lesser gods; and there,
Right well I know it, Bromian Bacchus dwells,
Since he in godship led his Maenad host,
Devising death for Pentheus, whom they rent
Piecemeal, as hare among the hounds. And last,
I call on Pleistus' springs, Poseidon's might,
And Zeus most high, the great Accomplisher.
Then as a seeress to the sacred chair
I pass and sit; and may the powers divine
Make this mine entrance fruitful in response
Beyond each former advent, triply blest.
And if there stand without, from Hellas bound,
Men seeking oracles, let each pass in
In order of the lot, as use allows;
For the god guides whate'er my tongue proclaims.

She goes into the interior of the temple; after a short interval, she returns in great fear.

Things fell to speak of, fell for eyes to see,
Have sped me forth again from Loxias' shrine,
With strength unstrung, moving erect no more,
But aiding with my hands my failing feet,
Unnerved by fear. A beldame's force is naught--
Is as a child's, when age and fear combine.
For as I pace towards the inmost fane
Bay-filleted by many a suppliant's hand,
Lo, at the central altar I descry
One crouching as for refuge--yea, a man
Abhorredd of heaven; and from his hands, wherein
A sword new-drawn he holds, blood reeked and fell:
A wand he bears, the olive's topmost bough,
Twined as of purpose with a deep close tuft
Of whitest wool. This, that I plainly saw,
Plainly I tell. But lo, in front of him,
Crouched on the altar-steps, a grisly band
Of women slumbers--not like women they,
But Gorgons rather; nay, that word is weak,
Nor may I match the Gorgons' shape with theirs!
Such have I seen in painted semblance erst--
Winged Harpies, snatching food from Phineus' board,--
But these are wingless, black, and all their shape
The eye's abomination to behold.
Fell is the breath--let none draw nigh to it--
Wherewith they snort in slumber; from their eyes
Exude the damned drops of poisonous ire:
And such their garb as none should dare to bring
To statues of the gods or homes of men.
I wot not of the tribe wherefrom can come
So fell a legion, nor in what land Earth
Could rear, unharmed, such creatures, nor avow
That she had travailed and brought forth death.
But, for the rest, be all these things a care
Unto the mighty Loxias, the lord
Of this our shrine: healer and prophet he,
Discerner he of portents, and the cleanser
Of other homes--behold, his own to cleanse!

Exit.

The scene opens, disclosing the interior of the temple: Orestes clings to the central altar; the Furies lie slumbering at a little distance; Apollo and Hermes appear from the innermost shrine.

Apollo:
Lo, I desert thee never: to the end,
Hard at thy side as now, or sundered far,
I am thy guard, and to thine enemies
Implacably oppose me: look on them,
These greedy fiends, beneath my craft subdued!
See, they are fallen on sleep, these beldames oid,
Unto whose grim and wizened maidenhood
Nor god nor man nor beast can e'er draw near.
Yea, evil were they born, for evil's doom,
Evil the dark abyss of Tartarus
Wherein they dwell, and they themselves the hate
Of men on earth, and of Olympian gods.
But thou, flee far and with unfaltering speed;
For they shall hunt thee through the mainland wide
Where'er throughout the tract of travelled earth
Thy foot may roam, and o'er and o'er the seas
And island homes of men. Faint not nor fail,
Too soon and timidly within thy breast
Shepherding thoughts forlorn of this thy toil;
But unto Pallas' city go, and there
Crouch at her shrine, and in thine arms enfold
Her ancient image: there we well shall find
Meet judges for this cause and suasive pleas,
Skilled to contrive for thee deliverance
From all this woe. Be such my pledge to thee,
For by my hest thou didst thy mother slay.

Orestes:
O king Apollo, since right well thou know'st
What justice bids, have heed, fulfil the same,--
Thy strength is all-sufficient to achieve.

Apollo:
Have thou too heed, nor let thy fear prevail
Above thy will. And do thou guard him, Hermes,
Whose blood is brother unto mine, whose sire
The same high God. Men call thee guide and guard,
Guide therefore thou and guard my suppliant;
For Zeus himself reveres the outlaw's right,
Boon of fair escort, upon man conferred.

Exeunt Apollo, Hermes, and Orestes The Ghost of Clytemnestra near.

Ghost of Clytemnestra:
Sleep on! awake! what skills your sleep to me--
Me, among all the dead by you dishonoured--
Me from whom never, in the world of death,
Dieth this curse, "'Tis she who smote and slew",
And shamed and scorned I roam? Awake, and hear
My plaint of dead men's hate intolerable.
Me, sternly slain by them that should have loved,
Me doth no god arouse him to avenge,
Hewn down in blood by matricidal hands.
Mark ye these wounds from which the heart's blood ran,
And by whose hand, bethink ye! for the sense
When shut in sleep hath then the spirit-sight,
But in the day the inward eye is blind.
List, ye who drank so oft with lapping tongue
The wineless draught by me outpoured to soothe
Your vengeful ire! how oft on kindled shrine
I laid the feast of darkness, at the hour
Abhorred of every god but you alone!
Lo, all my service trampled down and scorned!
And he hath baulked your chase, as stag the hounds;
Yea, lightly bounding from the circling toils,
Hath wried his face in scorn, and flieth far.
Awake and hear--for mine own soul I cry--
Awake, ye powers of hell! the wandering ghost
That once was Clytemnestra calls--Arise!

 'The Furies mutter grimly, as in a dream.

Mutter and murmur! He hath flown afar--
My kin have gods to guard them, I have none!

 'The Furies mutter as before.

O drowsed in sleep too deep to heed my pain!
Orestes flies, who me, his mother, slew.

The Furies give a confused cry.

Yelping, and drowsed again? Up and be doing
That which alone is yours, the deed of hell!

The Furies give another cry.

Lo, sleep and toil, the sworn confederates,
Have quelled your dragon-anger, once so fell!

The Furies: (muttering more fiercely and loudly)

Seize, seize, seize, seize--mark, yonder!

Ghost:
In dreams ye chase a prey, and like some hound,
That even in sleep doth ply his woodland toil,
Ye bell and bay. What do ye, sleeping here?
Be not o'ercome with toil, nor sleep-subdued,
Be heedless of my wrong. Up! thrill your heart
With the just chidings of my tongue,--such words
Are as a spur to purpose firmly held.
Blow forth on him the breath of wrath and blood,
Scorch him with reek of fire that burns in you,
Waste him with new pursuit--swift, hound him down!

Ghost sinks.

First Fury: (awaking)

Up! rouse another as I rouse thee; up!
Sleep'st thou? Rise up, and spurning sleep away,
See we if false to us this prelude rang.

Chorus of Furies:
Alack, alack, O sisters, we have toiled,
O much and vainly have we toiled and borne!
Vainly! and all we wrought the gods have foiled,
 And turnèd us to scorn!
He hath slipped from the net, whom we chased: he
 hath 'scaped us who should be our prey--
O'ermastered by slumber we sank, and our quarry hath stolen away!
Thou, child of the high God Zeus, Apollo, hast robbed us and wronged;
Thou, a youth, hast down-trodden the right that is godship more
 ancient belonged;
Thou hast cherished thy suppliant man; the slayer the God-forsaken,
The bane of a parent, by craft from out of our grasp thou hast taken:
A god, thou hast stolen from us the avengers a matricide son--
And who shall consider thy deed and say, "It is rightfully" done?
The sound of chiding scorn
Came from the land of dream;
Deep to mine inmost heart I felt it thrill and burn,
Thrust as a strong-grasped goad, to urge
Onward the chariot's team.
Thrilled, chilled with bitter inward pain
I stand as one beneath the doomsman's scourge.
Shame on the younger gods who tread down right,
Sitting on thrones of might!
Woe on the altar of earth's central fane!
Clotted on step and shrine,
Behold, the guilt of blood, the ghastly stain!
Woe upon thee, Apollo! uncontrolled,
Unbidden, hast thou, prophet-god, imbrued
The pure prophetic shrine with wrongful blood!
For thou too heinous a respect didst hold
Of man, too little heed of powers divine!
And us the Fates, the ancients of the earth,
Didst deem as nothing worth.
Scornful to me thou art, yet shalt not fend
My wrath from him; though unto hell he flee,
There too are we!
And he the blood defiled, should feel and rue,
Though I were not, fiend-wrath that shall not end,
Descending on his head who foully slew.

Re-enter Apollo from the inner shrine.

Apollo:
Out! I command you. Out from this my home--
Haste, tarry not! Out from the mystic shrine,
Lest thy lot be to take into thy breast
The winged bright dart that from my golden string
Speeds hissing as a snake,--lest, pierced and thrilled
With agony, thou shouldst spew forth again
Black frothy heart's-blood, drawn from mortal men,
Belching the gory clots sucked forth from wounds.
These be no halls where such as you can prowl--
Go where men lay on men the doom of blood,
Heads lopped from necks, eyes from their Sphere plucked out,
Hacked flesh, the flower of youthful seed crushed or
Feet hewn away, and hands, and death beneath
The smiting stone, low moans and piteous
Of men impaled--Hark, hear ye for what feast
Ye hanker ever, and the loathing gods
Do spit upon your craving? Lo, your shape
Is all too fitted to your greed; the cave
Where lurks some lion, lapping gore, were home
More meet for you. Avaunt from sacred shrines,
Nor bring pollution by your touch on all
That nears you. Hence! and roam unshepherded--
No god there is to tend such herd as you.

Chorus:
O king Apollo, in our turn hear us'
Thou hast' not only part in these ill things,
But art chief cause and doer of the same.

Apollo:
How? stretch thy speech to tell this, and have done.

Chorus:
Thine oracle bade this man slay his mother.

Apollo:
I bade him quit his sire's death,--wherefore not?

Chorus:
Then didst thou aid and guard red-handed crime.

Apollo:
Yea, and I bade him to this temple flee.

Chorus:
And yet forsooth dost chide us following him!

Apollo:
Ay--not for you it is, to near this fane.

Chorus:
Yet is such office ours, imposed by fate.

Apollo:
What office? vaunt the thing ye deem so fair.

Chorus:
From home to home we chase the matricide.

Apollo:
What? to avenge a wife who slays her lord?

Chorus:
That is not blood outpoured by kindred hands.

Apollo:
How darkly ye dishonour and annul
The troth to which the high accomplishers,
Hera and Zeus, do honour. Yea, and thus
Is Aphrodite to dishonour cast,
The queen of rapture unto mortal men.
Know, that above the marriage-bed ordained
For man and woman standeth Right as guard,
Enhancing sanctity of troth-plight sworn;
Therefore, if thou art placable to those
Who have their consort slain, nor will'st to turn
On them the eye of wrath, unjust art thou
In hounding to his doom the man who slew
His mother. Lo, I know thee full of wrath
Against one deed, but all too placable
Unto the other, minishing the crime.
But in this cause shall Pallas guard the right.

Chorus:
Deem not my quest shall ever quit that man.

Apollo:
Follow then, make thee double toil in vain!

Chorus:
Think not by speech mine office to curtail.

Apollo:
None hast thou, that I would accept of thee!

Chorus:
Yea, high thine honour by the throne of Zeus:
But I, drawn on by scent of mother's blood,
Seek vengeance on this man and hound him down.

Apollo:
But I will stand beside him; 'tis for me
To guard my suppliant: gods and men alike
Do dread the curse of such an one betrayed,
And in me Fear and Will say "Leave him not".

Exeunt omnes

The scene changes to Athens. In the foreground, the Temple of Athena on the Acropolis; her statue stands in the centre; Orestes is seen dinging to it.

Orestes:
Look on me, queen Athena; lo, I come
By Loxias' behest; thou of thy grace
Receive me, driven of avenging powers--
Not now a red-hand slayer unannealed,
But with guilt fading, half-effaced, outworn
On many homes and paths of mortal men.
For to the limit of each land, each sea,
I roamed, obedient to Apollo's hest,
And come at last, O Goddess, to thy fane,
And clinging to thine image, bide my doom.

Enter the Chorus of Furies, questing like hounds.

Chorus:
Ho! clear is here the trace of him we seek:
Follow the track of blood, the silent sign!
Like to some hound that hunts a wounded fawn,
We snuff along the scent of dripping gore,
And inwardly we pant, for many a day
Toiling in chase that shall fordo the man;
For o'er and o'er the wide land have I ranged,
And o'er the wide sea, flying without wings,
Swift as a sail I pressed upon his track,
Who now hard by is crouching, well I wot,
For scent of mortal blood allures me here.
Follow, seek him—round and round
Scent and snuff and scan the ground,
Lest unharmed he slip away,
He who did his mother slay!
Hist--he is there! See him his arms entwine
Around the image of the maid divine--
Thus aided, for the deed he wrought
Unto the judgment wills he to be brought.

It may not be! a mother's blood, poured forth
Upon the stainèd earth,
None gathers up: it lies--bear witness, Hell!--
For aye indelible!
And thou who sheddest it shalt give thine own
That shedding to atone!
Yea, from thy living limbs I suck it out,
Red, clotted, gout by gout,--
A draught abhorred of men and gods; but I
Will drain it, suck thee dry;
Yea, I will waste thee living, nerve and vein;
Yea, for thy mother slain,
Will drag thee downward, there where thou shalt dree
The weird of agony!
And thou and whatsoe'er of men hath sinned--
Hath wronged or God, or friend,
Or parent,--learn ye how to all and each
The arm of doom can reach!
Sternly requiteth, in the world beneath,
The judgment-seat of Death;
Yea, Death, beholding every man's endeavour
Recordeth it for ever.

Orestes:
I, schooled in many miseries, have learnt
How many refuges of cleansing shrines
There be; I know when law alloweth speech
And when imposeth silence. Lo, I stand
Fixed now to speak, for he whose word is wise
Commands the same. Look, how the stain of blood
Is dull upon mine hand and wastes away,
And laved and lost therewith is the deep curse
Of matricide; for while the guilt was new,
'Twas banished from me at Apollo's hearth,
Atoned and purified by death of swine.
Long were my word if I should sum the tale,
How oft since then among my fellow-men
I stood and brought no curse. Time cleanses all--
Time, the coeval of all things that are.
Now from pure lips, in words of omen fair,
I call Athena, lady of this land,
To come, my champion: so, in aftertime,
She shall not fail of love and service deal,
Not won by war, from me and from my land
And all the folk of Argos, vowed to her.

Now, be she far away in Libyan land
Where flows from Triton's lake her natal wave,--
Stand she with planted feet, or in some hour
Of rest conceal them, champion of her friends
Where'er she be,--or whether o'er the plain
Phlegraean she look forth, as warrior bold--
I cry to her to come, where'er she be,
(And she, as goddess, from afar can hear,)
And aid and free me, set among my foes.

Chorus:
Thee not Apollo nor Athena's strength
Can save from perishing, a castaway
Amid the Lost, where no delight shall meet
Thy soul--a bloodless prey of nether powers,
A shadow among shadows. Answerest thou
Nothing? dost cast away my words with scorn,
Thou, prey prepared and dedicate to me?
Not as a victim slain upon the shrine,
But living shalt thou see thy flesh my food.
Hear now the binding chant that makes thee mine.

Weave the weird dance,--behold the hour
To utter forth the chant of hell,
Our sway among mankind to tell,
The guidance of our power.
Of Justice are we ministers,
And whosoe'er of men may stand
Lifting a pure unsullied hand,
That man no doom of ours incurs,
And walks thro' all his mortal path
Untouched by woe, unharmed by wrath.
But if, as yonder man, he hath
Blood on the hands he strives to hide,
We stand avengers at his side,
Decreeing, "Thou hast wronged the dead:
We are doom's witnesses to thee".
The price of blood, his hands have shed,
We wring from him; in life, in death,
Hard at his side are we!

Night, Mother Night, who brought me forth, a torment
To living men and dead,
Hear me, O hear! by Leto's stripling son
I am dishonourèd:
He hath ta'en from me him who cowers in refuge,
To me made consecrate,--
A rightful victim, him who slew his mother.
Given o'er to me and fate.

Hear the hymn of hell,
O'er the victim sounding,--
Chant of frenzy, chant of ill,
Sense and will confounding!
Round the soul entwining
Without lute or lyre--
Soul in madness pining,
Wasting as with fire!

Fate, all-pervading Fate, this service spun, commanding
That I should bide therein:
Whosoe'er of mortals, made perverse and lawless,
Is stained with blood of kin,
By his side are we, and hunt him ever onward,
Till to the Silent Land,
The realm of death, he cometh; neither yonder
In freedom shall he stand.

Hear the hymn of hell,
O'er the victim sounding,--
Chant of frenzy, chant of ill,
Sense and will confounding!
Round the soul entwining
Without lute or lyre--
Soul in madness pining,
Wasting as with fire!

When from womb of Night we sprang, on us this labour
Was laid and shall abide.
Gods immortal are ye, yet beware ye touch not
That which is our pride!
None may come beside us gathered round the blood feast--
For us no garments white
Gleam on a festal day; for us a darker fate is,
Another darker rite.
That is mine hour when falls an ancient line--
When in the household's heart
The god of blood doth slay by kindred hands,--
Then do we bear our part:
On him who slays we sweep with chasing cry:
Though he be triply strong,
We wear and waste him; blood atones for blood,
New pain for ancient wrong.

I hold this task--'tis mine, and not another's.
The very gods on high,
Though they can silence and annul the prayers
Of those who on us cry,
They may not strive with us who stand apart,
A race by Zeus abhorred,
Blood-boltered, held unworthy of the council
And converse of Heaven's lord.
Therefore the more I leap upon my prey;
Upon their head I bound;
My foot is hard; as one that trips a runner
I cast them to the ground;
Yea, to the depth of doom intolerable;
And they who erst were great,
And upon earth held high their pride and glory,
Are brought to low estate.
In underworld they waste and are diminished,
The while around them fleet
Dark wavings of my robes, and, subtly woven,
The paces of my feet.

Who falls infatuate, he sees not, neither knows he
That we are at his side;
So closely round about him, darkly flitting,
The cloud of guilt doth glide.
Heavily 'tis uttered, how around his hearthstone
The mirk of hell doth rise.
Stern and fixed the law is; we have hands t'achieve it,
Cunning to devise.
Queens are we and mindful of our solemn vengeance.
Not by tear or prayer
Shall a man avert it. In unhonoured darkness,
Far from gods, we fare,
Lit unto our task with torch of sunless regions,
And o'er a deadly way--
Deadly to the living as to those who see not
Life and light of day--
Hunt we and press onward. Who of mortals hearing
Doth not quake for awe,
Hearing all that Fate thro' hand of God hath given us
For ordinance and law?
Yea, this right to us, in dark abysm and backward
Of ages it befel:
None shall wrong mine office, tho' in nether regions
And sunless dark I dwell.

Enter Athena from above.

Athena:
Far off I heard the clamour of your cry,
As by Scamander's side I set my foot
Asserting right upon the land given o'er
To me by those who o'er Achaia's host
Held sway and leadership: no scanty part
Of all they won by spear and sword, to me
They gave it, land and all that grew theron,
As chosen heirloom for my Theseus' clan.
Thence summoned, sped I with a tireless foot,--
Hummed on the wind, instead of wings, the fold
Of this mine aegis, by my feet propelled,
As, linked to mettled horses, speeds a car.
And now, beholding here Earth's nether brood,
I fear it nought, yet are mine eyes amazed
With wonder. Who are ye? of all I ask,
And of this stranger to my statue clinging.
But ye--your shape is like no human form,
Like to no goddess whom the gods behold,
Like to no shape which mortal women wear.
Yet to stand by and chide a monstrous form
Is all unjust--from such words Right revolts.

Chorus:
O child of Zeus, one word shall tell thee all.
We are the children of eternal Night,
And Furies in the underworld are called.

Athena:
I know your lineage now and eke your name.

Chorus:
Yea, and eftsoons indeed my rights shalt know.

Athena:
Fain would I learn them; speak them clearly forth.

Chorus:
We chase from home the murderers of men.

Athena:
And where at last can he that slew make pause?

Chorus:
Where this is law--"All joy abandon here."

Athena:
Say, do ye bay this man to such a flight?

Chorus:
Yea, for of choice he did his mother slay.

Athena:
Urged by no fear of other wrath and doom?

Chorus:
What spur can rightly goad to matricide?

Athena:
Two stand to plead--one only have I heard.

Chorus:
He will not swear nor challenge us to oath.

Athena:
The form of justice, not its deed, thou willest.

Chorus:
Prove thou that word; thou art not scant of skill.

Athena:
I say that oaths shall not enforce the wrong.

Chorus:
Then test the cause, judge and award the right.

Athena:
Will ye to me then this decision trust?

Chorus:
Yea, reverencing true child of worthy sire.

Athena: (to Orestes)

O man unknown, make thou thy plea in turn
Speak forth thy land, thy lineage, and thy woes;
Then, if thou canst, avert this bitter blame--
If, as I deem, in confidence of right
Thou sittest hard beside my holy place,
Clasping this statue, as Ixion sat,
A sacred suppliant for Zeus to cleanse,--
To all this answer me in words made plain.

Orestes:
O queen Athena, first from thy last words
Will I a great solicitude remove.
Not one blood-guilty am I; no foul stain
Clings to thine image from my clinging hand;
Whereof one potent proof I have to tell.
Lo, the law stands--"The slayer shall not plead,
Till by the hand of him who cleanses blood
A suckling creature's blood besprinkle him".
Long since have I this expiation done--
In many a home, slain beasts and running streams
Have cleansed me. Thus I speak away that fear.
Next, of my lineage quickly thou shalt learn:
An Argive am I, and right well thou know'st
My sire, that Agamemnon who arrayed
The fleet and them that went therein to war--
That chief with whom thy hand combined to crush
To an uncitied heap what once was Troy;
That Agamemnon, when he homeward came,
Was brought unto no honourable death,
Slain by the dark-souled wife who brought me forth
To him,--enwound and slain in wily nets,
Blazoned with blood that in the laver ran.
And I, returning from an exiled youth,
Slew her, my mother--lo, it stands avowed!
With blood for blood avenging my loved sire;
And in this deed doth Loxias bear part,
Decreeing agonies, to goad my will,
Unless by me the guilty found their doom.
Do thou decide if right or wrong were done--
Thy dooming, whatsoe'er it be, contents me.

Athena:
Too mighty is this matter, whatsoe'er
Of mortals claims to judge hereof aright.
Yea, me, even me, eternal Right forbids
To judge the issues of blood-guilt, and wrath
That follows swift behind. This too gives pause,
That thou as one with all due rites performed
Dost come, unsinning, pure, unto my shrine.
Whate'er thou art, in this my city's name,
As uncondemned, I take thee to my side,--
Yet have these foes of thine such dues by fate,
I may not banish them: and if they fail,
O'erthrown in judgment of the cause, forthwith
Their anger's poison shall infect the land--
A dropping plague-spot of eternal ill.
Thus stand we with a woe on either hand:
Stay they, or go at my commandment forth,
Perplexity or pain must needs befall.
Yet, as on me Fate hath imposed the cause,
I choose unto me judges that shall be
An ordinance for ever, set to rule
The dues of blood-guilt, upon oath declared.
But ye, call forth your witness and your proof,
Words strong for justice, fortified by oath;
And I, whoe'er are truest in my town,
Them will I chose and bring, and straitly charge,
"Look on this cause, discriminating well,
And pledge your oath to utter nought of wrong.

Exit Athena.

Chorus:
Now are they all undone, the ancient laws,
If here the slayer's cause
Prevail; new wrong for ancient right shall be
If matricide go free.
Henceforth a deed like his by all shall stand,
Too ready to the hand:
Too oft shall parents in the aftertime
Rue and lament this crime,--
Taught, not in false imagining, to feel
Their children's thrusting steel:
No more the wrath, that erst on murder fell

From us, the queens of Hell.
Shall fall, no more our watching gaze impend--
Death shall smite unrestrained.

Henceforth shall one unto another cry
"Lo, they are stricken, lo, they fall and die
Around me!" and that other answers him,
"O thou that lookest that thy woes should cease,
Behold, with dark increase
They throng and press upon thee; yea, and dim
Is all the cure, and every comfort vain!"

Let none henceforth cry out, when falls the blow
Of sudden-smiting woe,
Cry out in sad reiterated strain
"O Justice, aid! aid, O ye thrones of Hell!"
So though a father or a mother wail
New-smitten by a son, it shall no more avail,
Since, overthrown by wrong, the fane of Justice fell!

Know, that a throne there is that may not pass away,
And one that sitteth on it--even Fear,
Searching with steadfast eyes man's inner soul:
Wisdom is child of pain, and born with many a tear;
But who henceforth,
What man of mortal men, what nation upon earth,
That holdeth nought in awe nor in the light
Of inner reverence, shall worship Right
As in the older day?

Praise not, O man, the life beyond control,
Nor that which bows unto a tyrant's sway.
Know that the middle way
Is dearest unto God, and they thereon who wend,
They shall achieve the end;
But they who wander or to left or right
Are sinners in his sight.
Take to thy heart this one, this soothfast word--
 Of wantonness impiety is sire;
Only from calm control and sanity unstirred
Cometh true weal, the goal of every man's desire.

Yea, whatsoe'er befall, hold thou this word of mine:
"Bow down at Justice' shrine,
Turn thou thine eyes away from earthly lure,
Nor with a godless foot that altar spurn."
For as thou dost shall Fate do in return,
And the great doom is sure.
Therefore let each adore a parent's trust,
And each with loyalty revere the guest
That in his halls doth rest.
For whoso uncompelled doth follow what is just,
He ne'er shall be unblest;
Yea, never to the gulf of doom
That man shall come.
But he whose will is set against the gods,
Who treads beyond the law with foot impure,

Till o'er the wreck of Right confusion broods--
Know that for him, though now he sail secure,
The day of storm shall be; then shall he strive and fail,
Down from the shivered yard to furl the sail,
And call on Powers, that heed him nought, to save
And vainly wrestle with the whirling wave,
Hot was his heart with pride--
"I shall not fall", he cried.
But him with watching scorn
The god beholds, forlorn,
Tangled in toils of Fate beyond escape,
Hopeless of haven safe beyond the cape--
Till all his wealth and bliss of bygone day
Upon the reef of Rightful Doom is hurled,
And he is rapt away
Unwept, for ever, to the dead forgotten world.

Re-enter Athena, with twelve Athenian citizens.

Athena:
O herald, make proclaim, bid all men come.
Then let the shrill blast of the Tyrrhene trump,
Fulfilled with mortal breath, thro' the wide air
Peal a loud summons, bidding all men heed.
For, till my judges fill this judgment-seat,
Silence behoves,--that this whole city learn,
What for all time mine ordinance commands,
And these men, that the cause be judged aright.

Apollo approaches.

Chorus:
O king Apollo, rule what is thine own,
But in this thing what share pertains to thee?

Apollo:
First, as a witness come I, for this man
Is suppliant of mine by sacred right,
Guest of my holy hearth and cleansed by me
Of blood-guilt: then, to set me at his side
And in his cause bear part, as part I bore
Erst in his deed, whereby his mother fell.
Let whoso knoweth now announce the cause.

Athena: (to the Chorus)

'Tis I announce the cause--first speech be yours;
For rightfully shall they whose plaint is tried
Tell the tale first and set the matter clear.

Chorus:
Though we be many, brief shall be our tale.
(To Orestes) Answer thou, setting word to match with
word;
And first avow--hast thou thy mother slain?

Orestes:
I slew her. I deny no word hereof.

Chorus:
Three falls decide the wrestle--this is one.

Orestes:
Thou vauntest thee--but o'er no final fall.

Chorus:
Yet must thou tell the manner of thy deed.

Orestes:
Drawn sword in hand, I gashed her neck. Tis told.

Chorus:
But by whose word, whose craft, wert thou impelled?

Orestes:
By oracles of him who here attests me.

Chorus:
The prophet-god bade thee thy mother slay?

Orestes:
Yea, and thro' him less ill I fared, till now.

Chorus:
If the vote grip thee, thou shalt change that word.

Orestes:
Strong is my hope; my buried sire shall aid.

Chorus:
Go to now, trust the dead, a matricide!

Orestes:
Yea, for in her combined two stains of sin.

Chorus:
How? speak this clearly to the judges' mind.

Orestes:
Slaying her husband, she did slay my sire.

Chorus:
Therefore thou livest; death assoils her deed.

Orestes:
Then while she lived why didst thou hunt her not?

Chorus:
She was not kin by blood to him she slew.

Orestes:
And I, am I by blood my mother's kin?

Chorus:
O cursed with murder's guilt, how else wert thou
The burden of her womb? Dost thou forswear
Thy mother's kinship, closest bond of love?

Orestes:
It is thine hour, Apollo--speak the law,
Averring if this deed were justly done;
For done it is, and clear and undenied.
But if to thee this murder's cause seem right
Or wrongful, speak--that I to these may tell.

Apollo:
To you, Athena's mighty council-court,
Justly for justice will I plead, even I,
The prophet-god, nor cheat you by one word.
For never spake I from my prophet-seat
One word, of man, of woman, or of state,
Save what the Father of Olympian gods
Commanded unto me. I rede you then,
Bethink you of my plea, how strong it stands,
And follow the decree of Zeus our sire,--
For oaths prevail not over Zeus' command.

Chorus:
Go to; thou sayest that from Zeus befel
The oracle that this Orestes bade
With vengeance quit the slaying of his sire,
And hold as nought his mother's right of kin!

Apollo:
Yea, for it stands not with a common death,
That he should die, a chieftain and a king
Decked with the sceptre which high heaven confers--
Die, and by female hands, not smitten down
By a far-shooting bow, held stalwartly
By some strong Amazon. Another doom
Was his: O Pallas, hear, and ye who sit
In judgment, to discern this thing aright!--
She with a specious voice of welcome true
Hailed him, returning from the mighty mart
Where war for life gives fame, triumphant home;
Then o'er the laver, as he bathed himself,
She spread from head to foot a covering net,
And in the endless mesh of cunning robes
Enwound and trapped her lord, and smote him down.
Lo, ye have heard what doom this chieftain met,
The majesty of Greece, the fleet's high lord:
Such as I tell it, let it gall your ears,
Who stand as judges to decide this cause.

Chorus:
Zeus, as thou sayest, holds a father's death
As first of crimes,--yet he of his own act
Cast into chains his father, Cronos old:
How suits that deed with that which now ye tell?
O ye who judge, I bid ye mark my words!

Apollo:
O monsters loathed of all, O scorn of gods,
He that hath bound may loose: a cure there is,
Yea, many a plan that can unbind the chain.
But when the thirsty dust sucks up man's blood
Once shed in death, he shall arise no more.
No chant nor charm for this my Sire hath wrought.
All else there is, he moulds and shifts at will,
Not scant of strength nor breath, whate'er he do.

Chorus:
Think yet, for what acquittal thou dost plead:
He who hath shed a mother's kindred blood,
Shall he in Argos dwell, where dwelt his sire?
How shall he stand before the city's shrines,
How share the clansmen's holy lustral bowl?

Apollo:
This too I answer; mark a soothfast word,
Not the true parent is the woman's womb
That bears the child; she doth but nurse the seed
New-sown: the male is parent; she for him,
As stranger for a stranger, hoards the germ
Of life; unless the god its promise blight.
And proof hereof before you will I set.
Birth may from fathers, without mothers, be:
See at your side a witness of the same,
Athena, daughter of Olympian Zeus,
Never within the darkness of the womb
Fostered nor fashioned, but a bud more bright
Than any goddess in her breast might bear.
And I, O Pallas, howsoe'er I may,
Henceforth will glorify thy town, thy clan,
And for this end have sent my suppliant here
Unto thy shrine; that he from this time forth
Be loyal unto thee for evermore,
O goddess-queen, and thou unto thy side
Mayst win and hold him faithful, and his line,
And that for aye this pledge and troth remain
To children's children of Athenian seed.

Athena:
Enough is said; I bid the judges now
With pure intent deliver just award.

Chorus:
We too have shot our every shaft of speech,
And now abide to hear the doom of law.

Athena: (to Apollo and Orestes)

Say, how ordaining shall I 'scape your blame?

Apollo:
I spake, ye heard; enough. O stranger men,
Heed well your oath as ye decide the cause.

Athena:
O men of Athens, ye who first do judge
The law of bloodshed, hear me now ordain.
Here to all time for Aegeus' Attic host
Shall stand this council-court of judges sworn,
Here the tribunal, set on Ares' Hill
Where camped of old the tented Amazons,
What time in hate of Theseus they assailed
Athens, and set against her citadel
A counterwork of new sky-pointing towers,
And there to Ares held their sacrifice,
Where now the rock hath name, even Ares' Hill.
And hence shall Reverence and her kinsman Fear
Pass to each free man's heart, by day and night
Enjoining, "Thou shalt do no unjust thing",
So long as law stands as it stood of old
Unmarred by civic change. Look you, the spring
Is pure; but foul it once with influx vile

And muddy clay, and none can drink thereof.
Therefore, O citizens, I bid ye bow
In awe to this command, "Let no man live
Uncurbed by law nor curbed by tyranny;"
Nor banish ye the monarchy of Awe
Beyond the walls; untouched by fear divine,
No man doth justice in the world of men.
Therefore in purity and holy dread
Stand and revere; so shall ye have and hold
A saving bulwark of the state and land,
Such as no man hath ever elsewhere known,
Nor in far Scythia, nor in Pelops' realm.
Thus I ordain it now, a council-court
Pure and unsullied by the lust of gain,
Sacred and swift to vengeance, wakeful ever
To champion men who sleep, the country's guard.
Thus have I spoken, thus to mine own clan
Commended it for ever. Ye who judge,
Arise, take each his vote, mete out the right,
Your oath revering. Lo, my word is said.

The twelve judges come forward, one by one, to the urns of decision; the first votes; as each of the others follows, the Chorus and Apollo speak alternately.

Chorus:
I rede ye well, beware! nor put to shame,
In aught, this grievous company of hell.

Apollo:
I too would warn you, fear mine oracles--
From Zeus they are,--nor make them void of fruit.

Chorus:
Presumptuous is thy claim, blood-guilt to judge,
And false henceforth thine oracles shall be.

Apollo:
Failed then the counsels of my sire, when turned
Ixion, first of slayers, to his side?

Chorus:
These are but words; but I, if justice fail me,
Will haunt this land in grim and deadly deed.

Apollo:
Scorn of the younger and the elder gods
Art thou: 'tis I that shall prevail anon.

Chorus:
Thus didst thou too of old in Pheres' halls,
O'errcaching Fate to make a mortal deathless.

Apollo:
Was it not well, my worshipper to aid,
Then most of all when hardest was the need?

Chorus:
I say thou didst annul the lots of life,
Cheating with wine the deities of eld.

Apollo:
I say thou shalt anon, thy pleadings foiled,
Spit venom vainly on thine enemies.

Chorus:
Since this young god o'errides mine ancient right
I tarry but to claim your law, not knowing
If wrath of mine shall blast your state or spare

Athena:
Mine is the right to add the final vote,
And I award it to Orestes' cause.
For me no mother bore within her womb,
And, save for wedlock evermore eschewed,
I vouch myself the champion of the man,
Not of the woman, yea, with all my soul,--
In heart, as birth, a father's child alone.
Thus will I not too heinously regard
A woman's death who did her husband slay,
The guardian of her home; and if the votes
Equal do fall, Orestes shall prevail.
Ye of the judges who are named thereto,
Swiftly shake forth the lots from either urn.

Two judges come forward, one to each urn.

Orestes:
O bright Apollo, what shall be the end?

Chorus:
O Night, dark mother mine, dost mark these things?

OSESTES

Now shall my doom be life, or strangling cords.

Chorus:
And mine, lost honour or a wider sway.

Apollo:
O stranger judges, sum aright the count
Of votes cast forth, and, parting them, take heed
Ye err not in decision. The default
Of one vote only bringeth ruin deep,
One, cast aright, doth stablish house and home.

Athena:
Behold, this man is free from guilt of blood,
For half the votes condemn him, half set free!

Orestes:
O Pallas, light and safety of my home,
Thou, thou hast given me back to dwell once more
In that my fatherland, amerced of which
I wandered; now shall Grecian lips say this,
"The man is Argive once again, and dwells
Again within his father's wealthy hall,
By Pallas saved, by Loxias, and by Him,
The great third saviour, Zeus omnipotent--"
Who thus in pity for my father's fate
Doth pluck me from my doom, beholding these,
Confederates of my mother. Lo, I pass
To mine own home, but proffering this vow
Unto thy land and people: "Nevermore,
Thro' all the manifold years of Time to be,
Shall any chieftain of mine Argive land
Bear hitherward his spears for fight arrayed."
For we, though lapped in earth we then shall lie,
By thwart adversities will work our will
On them who shall transgress this oath of mine,
Paths of despair and journeyings ill-starred
For them ordaining, till their task they rue.
But if this oath be rightly kept, to them
Will we the dead be full of grace, the while
With loyal league they honour Pallas' town.
And now farewell, thou and thy city's folk--
Firm be thine arm's grasp, closing with thy foes
And, strong to save, bring victory to thy spear.

Exit Orestes, with Apollo.

Chorus:
Woe on you, younger gods! the ancient right
Ye have o'erridden, rent it from my hands.

I am dishonoured of you, thrust to scorn!
But heavily my wrath
Shall on this land fling forth the drops that blast and burn
Venom of vengeance, that shall work such scathe
As I have suffered; where that dew shall fall,
Shall leafless blight arise,
Wasting Earth's offspring,--Justice, hear my call!--
And thorough all the land in deadly wise
Shall scatter venom, to exude again
In pestilence on men.
What cry avails me now, what deed of blood,
Unto this land what dark despite?
Alack, alack, forlorn
Are we, a bitter injury have borne!
Alack, O sisters, O dishonoured brood
Of mother Night!

Athena:
Nay, bow ye to my words, chafe not nor moan:
Ye are not worsted nor disgraced; behold,
With balanced vote the cause had issue fair,
Nor in the end did aught dishonour thee.
But thus the will of Zeus shone clearly forth,
And his own prophet-god avouched the same,
"Orestes slew: his slaying is atoned".
Therefore I pray you, not upon this land
Shoot forth the dart of vengeance; be appeased,
Nor blast the land with blight, nor loose thereon
Drops of eternal venom, direful darts
Wasting and marring nature's seed of growth.

For I, the queen of Athens' sacred right,
Do pledge to you a holy sanctuary
Deep in the heart of this my land, made just
By your indwelling presence, while ye sit
Hard by your sacred shrines that gleam with oil
Of sacrifice, and by this folk adored.

Chorus:
Woe on you, younger gods! the ancient right
Ye have o'erridden, rent it from my hands.
I am dishonoured of you, thrust to scorn!
But heavily my wrath
Shall on his land fling forth the drops that blast and burn.
Venom of vengeance, that shall work such scathe
As I have suffered; where that dew shall fall,
Shall leafless blight arise,
Wasting Earth's offspring,--Justice, hear my call!--
And thorough all the land in deadly wise
Shall scatter venom, to exude again
In pestilence of men.
What cry avails me now, what deed of blood,
Unto this land what dark despite?
Alack, alack, forlorn
Are we, a bitter injury have borne!
Alack, O sisters, O dishonoured brood
Of mother Night!

Athena:
Dishonoured are ye not; turn not, I pray.
As goddesses your swelling wrath on men,
Nor make the friendly earth despiteful to them.
I too have Zeus for champion--'tis enough--
I only of all goddesses do know.
To ope the chamber where his thunderbolts
Lie stored and sealed; but here is no such need.
Nay, be appeased, nor cast upon the ground
The malice of thy tongue, to blast the world;
Calm thou thy bitter wrath's black inward surge,
For high shall be thine honour, set beside me
For ever in this land, whose fertile lap
Shall pour its teeming first fruits unto you,
Gifts for fair childbirth and for wedlock's crown:
Thus honoured, praise my spoken pledge for aye.

Chorus:
I, I dishonoured in this earth to dwell,--
Ancient of days and wisdom! I breathe forth
Poison and breath of frenzied ire. O Earth,
Woe, woe, for thee, for me!
From side to side what pains be these that thrill?
Hearken, O mother Night, my wrath, mine agony!
Whom from mine ancient rights the gods have thrust
And brought me to the dust--
Woe, woe is me!--with craft invincible.

Athena:
Older art thou than I, and I will bear
With this thy fury. Know, although thou be
More wise in ancient wisdom, yet have I
From Zeus no scanted measure of the same,
Wherefore take heed unto this prophecy--
If to another land of alien men
Ye go, too late shall ye feel longing deep
For mine. The rolling tides of time bring round
A day of brighter glory for this town;
And thou, enshrined in honour by the halls
Where dwelt Erechtheus, shalt a worship win
From men and from the train of womankind,
Greater than any tribe elsewhere shall pay.
Cast thou not therefore on this soil of mine
Whetstones that sharpen souls to blood-shedding.
The burning goads of youthful hearts, made hot
With frenzy of the spirit, not of wine.
Nor pluck as 'twere the heart from cocks that strive,
To set it in the breasts of citizens
Of mine, a war-god's spirit, keen for fight,
Made stern against their country and their kin.
The man who grievously doth lust for fame,
War, full, immitigable, let him wage
Against the stranger; but of kindred birds
I hold the challenge hateful. Such the boon
I proffer thee--within this land of lands,
Most loved of gods, with me to show and share
Fair mercy, gratitude and grace as fair.

Chorus:
I, I dishonoured in this earth to dwell,--
Ancient of days and wisdom! I breathe forth
Poison and breath of frenzied ire. O Earth,
 Woe, woe for thee, for me!
From side to side what pains be these that thrill?
Hearken, O mother Night, my wrath, mine agony!
Whom from mine ancient rights the gods have thrust,
 And brought me to the dust--
Woe, woe is me!--with craft invincible.

Athena:
I will not weary of soft words to thee,
That never mayst thou say, "Behold me spurned,
An elder by a younger deity,
And from this land rejected and forlorn,
Unhonoured by the men who dwell therein".
But, if Persuasion's grace be sacred to thee,
Soft in the soothing accents of my tongue,
Tarry, I pray thee; yet, if go thou wilt,
Not rightfully wilt thou on this my town
Sway down the scale that beareth wrath and teen
Or wasting plague upon this folk. 'Tis thine,
If so thou wilt, inheritress to be
Of this my land, its utmost grace to win.

Chorus:
O queen, what refuge dost thou promise me?

Athena:
Refuge untouched by bale: take thou my boon.

Chorus:
What, if I take it, shall mine honour be?

Athena:
No house shall prosper without grace of thine.

Chorus:
Canst thou achieve and grant such power to me?

Athena:
Yea, for my hand shall bless thy worshippers.

Chorus:
And wilt thou pledge me this for time eterne?

Athena:
Yea: none can bid me pledge beyond my power.

Chorus:
Lo, I desist from wrath, appeased by thee.

Athena:
Then in the land's heart shalt thou win thee friends.

Chorus:
What chant dost bid me raise, to greet the land?

Athena:
Such as aspires towards a victory
Unrued by any: chants from breast of earth,
From wave, from sky; and let the wild winds' breath
Pass with soft sunlight o'er the lap of land,--
Strong wax the fruits of earth, fair teem the kine,
Unfailing, for my town's prosperity,
And constant be the growth of mortal seed.
But more and more root out the impious,
For as a gardener fosters what he sows,
So foster I this race, whom righteousness
Doth fend from sorrow. Such the proffered boon.
But I, if wars must be, and their loud clash
And carnage, for my town, will ne'er endure
That aught but victory shall crown her fame.

Chorus:
Lo, I accept it; at her very side
Doth Pallas bid me dwell:
I will not wrong the city of her pride,
Which even Almighty Zeus and Ares hold
Heaven's earthly citadel,
Loved home of Grecian gods, the young, the old,
The sanctuary divine,
The shield of every shrine!
For Athens I say forth a gracious prophecy,--
The glory of the sunlight and the skies
Shall bid from earth arise
Warm wavelets of new life and glad prosperity.

Athena:
Behold, with gracious heart well pleased
 I for my citizens do grant
 Fulfilment of this covenant:
And here, their wrath at length appeased,
 These mighty deities shall stay,
 For theirs it is by right to sway
The lot that rules our mortal day,
 And he who hath not inly felt
Their stern decree, ere long on him,
Not knowing why and whence, the grim
 Life-crushing blow is dealt.
 The father's sin upon the child
Descends, and sin is silent death,
And leads him on the downward path,
 By stealth beguiled,
 Unto the Furies: though his state
On earth were high, and loud his boast,
 Victim of silent ire and hate
 He dwells among the Lost.

Chorus:
To my blessing now give ear.--
Scorching blight nor singèd air
Never blast thine olives fair!
Drouth, that wasteth bud and plant,
Keep to thine own place. Avaunt,
Famine fell, and come not hither
Stealthily to waste and wither!
Let the land, in season due,
Twice her waxing fruits renew;
Teem the kine in double measure;
Rich in new god-given treasure;
Here let men the powers adore
For sudden gifts unhoped before!

Athena:
O hearken, warders of the wall
That guards mine Athens, what a dower
Is unto her ordained and given!
For mighty is the Furies' power,
And deep-revered in courts of heaven
And realms of hell; and clear to all
They weave thy doom, mortality!
And some in joy and peace shall sing;
But unto other some they bring
Sad life and tear-dimmed eye.

Chorus:
And far away I ban thee and remove,
Untimely death of youths too soon brought low!
And to each maid, O gods, when time is come for love,
Grant ye a warrior's heart, a wedded life to know.
Ye too, O Fates, children of mother Night,
Whose children too are we, O goddesses
Of just award, of all by sacred right
Queens who in time and in eternity
Do rule, a present power for righteousness,
Honoured beyond all Gods, hear ye and grant my cry!

Athena:
And I too, I with joy am fain,
Hearing your voice this gift ordain
Unto my land. High thanks be thine,
Persuasion, who with eyes divine
Into my tongue didst look thy strength,
To bend and to appease at length
Those who would not be comforted.
Zeus, king of parley, doth prevail,
And ye and I will strive nor fail,
That good may stand in evil's stead,
And lasting bliss for bale.

Chorus:
And nevermore these walls within
Shall echo fierce sedition's din
Unslaked with blood and crime;
The thirsty dust shall nevermore
Suck up the darkly streaming gore
Of civic broils, shed out in wrath
And vengeance, crying death for death!
But man with man and state with state
Shall vow "The pledge of common hate
And common friendship, that for man
Hath oft made blessing out of ban,
Be ours unto all time".

Athena:
Skill they, or not, the path to find
Of favouring speech and presage kind?
Yea, even from these, who, grim and stern,
Glared anger upon you of old,
O citizens, ye now shall earn
A recompense right manifold.
Deck them aright, extol them high,
Be loyal to their loyalty,
And ye shall make your town and land
Sure, propped on Justice' saving hand,
And Fame's eternity.

Chorus:
Hail ye, all hail! and yet again, all hail
O Athens, happy in a weal secured!
O ye who sit by Zeus' right hand, nor fail
Of wisdom set among you and assured,
Loved of the well-loved Goddess-Maid! the King
Of gods doth reverence you, beneath her guarding wing.

Athena:
All hail unto each honoured guest!
Whom to the chambers of your rest
'Tis mine to lead, and to provide
The hallowed torch, the guard and guide.
Pass down, the while these altars glow
With sacred fire, to earth below
And your appointed shrine.
There dwelling, from the land restrain
The force of fate, the breath of bane,
But waft on us the gift and gain
Of Victory divine!
And ye, the men of Cranaos' seed,
I bid you now with reverence lead
These alien Powers that thus are made
Athenian evermore. To you
Fair be their will henceforth, to do
Whate'er may bless and aid!

Chorus:
Hail to you all! hail yet again,
All who love Athens, Gods and men,
Adoring her as Pallas' home!
And while ye reverence what ye grant--
My sacred shrine and hidden haunt--
Blameless and blissful be your doom!

Athena:
Once more I praise the promise of your vows,
And now I bid the golden torches' glow
Pass down before you to the hidden depth
Of earth, by mine own sacred servants borne,
Mv loyal guards of statue and of shrine.
Come forth, O flower of Theseus' Attic land,
O glorious band of children and of wives,
And ye, O train of matrons crowned with eld!
Deck you with festal robes of scarlet dye
In honour of this day: O gleaming torch,
Lead onward, that these gracious powers of earth
Henceforth be seen to bless the life of men.

Athena leads the procession downwards into the Cave of the Furies, under Areopagus: as they go, the escort of women and children chant aloud.

Chant:
With loyalty we lead you; proudly go,
Night's childless children, to your home below!
("O citizens, awhile from words forbear!")
To darkness' deep primeval lair,
Far in Earth's bosom, downward fare,
Adored with prayer and sacrifice.
("O citizens, forbear your cries!")
Pass hitherward, ye powers of Dread,
With all your former wrath allayed,
Into the heart of this loved land;
With joy unto your temple wend,
The while upon your steps attend
The flames that fed upon the brand--
("Now, now ring out your chant, your joy's acclaim!")
Behind them, as they downward fare,
Let holy hands libations bear,
And torches' sacred flame.
All-seeing Zeus and Fate come down
To battle fair for Pallas' town!
"Ring out your chant, ring out your joy's acclaim!"

Exeunt omnes

The Persians

Argument

Xerxes, son of Darius and of his wife Atossa, daughter of Cyrus, went forth against Hellas, to take vengeance upon those who had defeated his father at Marathon. But ill fortune befell the king and his army both by land and sea; neither did it avail him that he cast a bridge over the Hellespont and made a canal across the promontory of Mount Athos, and brought myriads of men, by land and sea, to subdue the Greeks. For in the strait between Athens and the island of Salamis the Persian ships were shattered and sunk or put to flight by those of Athens and Lacedaemon and Aegina and Corinth, and Xerxes went homewards on the way by which he had come, leaving his general Mardonius with three hundred thousand men to strive with the Greeks by land: but in the next year they were destroyed near Plataea in Boeotia, by the Lacedaemonians and Athenians and Tegeans. Such was the end of the army which Xerxes left behind him. But the king himself had reached the bridge over the Hellespont, and late and hardly and in sorry plight and with few companions came home unto the Palace of Susa.

Dramatis Personae

CHORUS OF PERSIAN ELDERS.
ATOSSA, WIDOW OF DARIUS AND MOTHER OF XERXES.
A MESSENGER.
THE GHOST OF DARIUS.
XERXES.

The Persians

The Scene is laid at the Palace of Susa.

CHORUS.
Away unto the Grecian land
Hath passed the Persian armament:
We, by the monarch’s high command,
We are the warders true who stand,
Chosen, for honour and descent,
To watch the wealth of him who went—
Guards of the gold, and faithful styled
By Xerxes, great Darius’ child!

But the king went nor comes again—
And for that host, we saw depart
Arrayed in gold, my boding heart
Aches with a pulse of anxious pain,
Presageful for its youthful king!
No scout, no steed, no battle-car
Comes speeding hitherward, to bring
News to our city from afar!
Erewhile they went, away, away,
From Susa, from Ecbatana,
From Kissa’s timeworn fortress grey,
Passing to ravage and to war—
Some upon steeds, on galleys some,
Some in close files, they passed from home,
All upon warlike errand bent—
Amistres, Artaphernes went,
Astaspes, Megabazes high,
Lords of the Persian chivalry,
Marshals who serve the great king’s word
Chieftains of all the mighty horde!
Horsemen and bowmen streamed away,
Grim in their aspect, fixed to slay,
And resolute to face the fray!
With troops of horse, careering fast,
Masistes, Artembáres passed:
Imaeus too, the bowman brave,
Sosthánes, Pharandákes, drave—
And others the all-nursing wave
Of Nilus to the battle gave;
Came Susiskánes, warrior wild,
And Pegastágon, Egypt’s child:
Thee, brave Arsámes! from afar
Did holy Memphis launch to war;
And Ariomardus, high in fame,
From Thebes the immemorial came,
And oarsmen skilled from Nilus’ fen,
A countless crowd of warlike men:
And next, the dainty Lydians went—
Soft rulers of a continent—
Mitragathes and Arcteus bold
In twin command their ranks controlled,
And Sardis town, that teems with gold,
Sent forth its squadrons to the war—
Horse upon horse, and car on car,
Double and triple teams, they rolled,
In onset awful to behold.
From Tmolus’ sacred hill there came
The native hordes to join the fray,
And upon Hellas’ neck to lay
The yoke of slavery and shame;
Mardon and Tharubis were there,
Bright anvils for the foemen’s spear!
The Mysian dart-men sped to war,
And the long crowd that onward rolled
From Babylon enriched with gold—
Captains of ships and archers skilled
To speed the shaft, and those who wield
The scimitar;—the eastern band
Who, by the great king’s high command,
Swept to subdue the western land!

Gone are they, gone—ah, welladay!
The flower and pride of our array;
And all the Eastland, from whose breast
Came forth her bravest and her best,
Craves longingly with boding dread—
Parents for sons, and brides new-wed
For absent lords, and, day by day,
Shudder with dread at their delay!

Ere now they have passed o’er the sea, the manifold host of the king—
They have gone forth to sack and to burn; ashore on the Westland they spring!
With cordage and rope they have bridged the sea-way of Helle, to pass
O’er the strait that is named by thy name, O daughter of Athamas!
They have anchored their ships in the current, they have bridled the neck of the sea—
The Shepherd and Lord of the East hath bidden a roadway to be!
From the land to the land they pass over, a herd at the high king’s best;
Some by the way of the waves, and some o’er the planking have pressed.
For the king is a lord and a god: he was born of the golden seed
That erst upon Danae fell—his captains are strong at the need!
And dark is the glare of his eyes, as eyes of a serpent blood-fed,
And with manifold troops in his train and with manifold ships hath he sped—
Yea, sped with his Syrian cars: he leads on the lords of the bow
To meet with the men of the West, the spear-armed force of the foe!
Can any make head and resist him, when he comes with the roll of a wave?
No barrier nor phalanx of might, no chief, be he ever so brave!
For stern is the onset of Persia, and gallant her children in fight.
But the guile of the god is deceitful, and who shall elude him by flight?
And who is the lord of the leap, that can spring and alight and evade?
For Até deludes and allures, till round him the meshes are laid,
And no man his doom can escape! it was writ in the rule of high Heaven,
That in tramp of the steeds and in crash of the charge the war-cry of Persia be given:
They have learned to behold the forbidden, the sacred enclosure of sea,
Where the waters are wide and in stress of the wind the billows roll hoary to lee!
And their trust is in cable and cordage, too weak in the power of the blast,
And frail are the links of the bridge whereby unto Hellas they passed.

Therefore my gloom-wrapped heart is rent with sorrow
For what may hap to-morrow!
Alack, for all the Persian armament—
Alack, lest there be sent
Dread news of desolation, Susa’s land
Bereft, forlorn, unmanned—
Lest the grey Kissian fortress echo back
The wail, Alack, Alack!
The sound of women’s shriek, who wail and mourn,
With fine-spun raiment torn!
The charioteers went forth nor come again,
And all the marching men
Even as a swarm of bees have flown afar,
Drawn by the king to war—
Crossing the sea-bridge, linked from side to side,
That doth the waves divide:
And the soft bridal couch of bygone years
Is now bedewed with tears,
Each princess, clad in garments delicate,
Wails for her widowed fate—

Alas my gallant bridegroom, lost and gone,
And I am left alone!

But now, ye warders of the state,
Here, in this hall of old renown,
Behoves that we deliberate
In counsel deep and wise debate,
For need is surely shown!
How fareth he, Darius’ child,
The Persian king, from Perseus styled?

Comes triumph to the eastern bow,
Or hath the lance-point conquered now?

Enter ATOSSA.

See, yonder comes the mother-queen,
Light of our eyes, in godlike sheen,
The royal mother of the king!—
Fall we before her! well it were
That, all as one, we sue to her,
And round her footsteps cling!

Queen, among deep-girded Persian dames thou highest and most royal,
Hoary mother, thou, of Xerxes, and Darius’ wife of old!
To godlike sire, and godlike son, we bow us and are loyal—
Unless, on us, an adverse tide of destiny has rolled!

ATOSSA.
Therefore come I forth to you, from chambers decked and golden,
Where long ago Darius laid his head, with me beside,
And my heart is torn with anguish, and with terror am I holden,
And I plead unto your friendship and I bid you to my side.

Darius, in the old time, by aid of some Immortal,
Raised up the stately fabric, our wealth of long-ago:
But I tremble lest it totter down, and ruin porch and portal,
And the whirling dust of downfall rise above its overthrow!

Therefore a dread unspeakable within me never slumbers,
Saying, Honour not the gauds of wealth if men have ceased to grow,
Nor deem that men, apart from wealth, can find their strength in numbers—
We shudder for our light and king, though we have gold enow!

No light there is, in any house, save presence of the master—
So runs the saw, ye aged men! and truth it says indeed—
On you I call, the wise and true, to ward us from disaster,
For all my hope is fixed on you, to prop us in our need!

CHORUS.
Queen-Mother of the Persian land, to thy commandment bowing,
Whate’er thou wilt, in word or deed, we follow to fulfil—
Not twice we need thine high behest, our faith and duty knowing,
In council and in act alike, thy loyal servants still!

ATOSSA.
Long while by various visions of the night
Am I beset, since to Ionian lands
With marshalled host my son went forth to war.
Yet never saw I presage so distinct
As in the night now passed.—Attend my tale!—
A dream I had: two women nobly clad
Came to my sight, one robed in Persian dress,
The other vested in the Dorian garb,
And both right stately and more tall by far
Than women of to-day, and beautiful
Beyond disparagement, and sisters sprung
Both of one race, but, by their natal lot,
One born in Hellas, one in Eastern land.
These, as it seemed unto my watching eyes,
Roused each the other to a mutual feud:
The which my son perceiving set himself
To check and soothe their struggle, and anon
Yoked them and set the collars on their necks;
And one, the Ionian, proud in this array,
Paced in high quietude, and lent her mouth,
Obedient, to the guidance of the rein.
But restively the other strove, and broke
The fittings of the car, and plunged away
With mouth un-bitted: o’er the broken yoke
My son was hurled, and lo! Darius stood
In lamentation o’er his fallen child.
Him Xerxes saw, and rent his robe in grief.

Such was my vision of the night now past;
But when, arising, I had dipped my hand
In the fair lustral stream, I drew towards
The altar, in the act of sacrifice,
Having in mind to offer, as their due,
The sacred meal-cake to the averting powers,
Lords of the rite that banisheth ill dreams.
When lo! I saw an eagle fleeing fast
To Phoebus’ shrine—O friends, I stayed my steps,
Too scared to speak! for, close upon his flight,
A little falcon dashed in winged pursuit,
Plucking with claws the eagle’s head, while he
Could only crouch and cower and yield himself.
Scared was I by that sight, and eke to you
No less a terror must it be to hear!
For mark this well—if Xerxes have prevailed,
He shall come back the wonder of the world:
If not, still none can call him to account—
So he but live, he liveth Persia’s King!

CHORUS.
Queen, it stands not with my purpose to abet these fears of thine,
Nor to speak with glazing comfort! nay, betake thee to the shrine!
If thy dream foretold disaster, sue to gods to bar its way,
And, for thyself, son, state, and friends, to bring fair fate to-day.
Next, unto Earth and to the Dead be due libation poured,
And by thee let Darius’ soul be wistfully implored—
I saw thee, lord, in last night’s dream, a phantom from the grave,
I pray thee, lord, from earth beneath come forth to help and save!
To me and to thy son send up the bliss of triumph now,
And hold the gloomy fates of ill, dim in the dark below!
Such be thy words! my inner heart good tidings doth foretell,
And that fair fate will spring thereof, if wisdom guide us well.

ATOSSA.
Loyal thou that first hast read this dream, this vision of the night,
With loyalty to me, the queen—be then thy presage right!
And therefore, as thy bidding is, what time I pass within
To dedicate these offerings, new prayers I will begin,
Alike to gods and the great dead who loved our lineage well.
Yet one more word—say, in what realm do the Athenians dwell?

CHORUS.
Far hence, even where, in evening land, goes down our Lord the Sun.

ATOSSA.
Say, had my son so keen desire, that region to o’errun?

CHORUS.
Yea—if she fell, the rest of Greece were subject to our sway!

ATOSSA.
Hath she so great predominance, such legions in array?

CHORUS.
Ay—such a host as smote us sore upon an earlier day.

ATOSSA.
And what hath she, besides her men? enow of wealth in store?

CHORUS.
A mine of treasure in the earth, a fount of silver ore!

ATOSSA.
Is it in skill of bow and shaft that Athens’ men excel?

CHORUS.
Nay, they bear bucklers in the fight, and thrust the spear-point well.

ATOSSA.
And who is shepherd of their host and holds them in command?

CHORUS.
To no man do they bow as slaves, nor own a master’s hand.

ATOSSA.
How should they bide our brunt of war, the East upon the West?

CHORUS.
That could Darius’ valiant horde in days of yore attest!

ATOSSA.
A boding word, to us who bore the men now far away!

CHORUS.
Nay—as I deem, the very truth will dawn on us to-day.
A Persian by his garb and speed, a courier draws anear—
He bringeth news, of good or ill, for Persia’s land to hear.

Enter a MESSENGER.

MESSENGER.
O walls and towers of all the Asian realm,
O Persian land, O treasure-house of gold!
How, by one stroke, down to destruction, down,
Hath sunk our pride, and all the flower of war
That once was Persia’s, lieth in the dust!
Woe on the man who first announceth woe—
Yet must I all the tale of death unroll!
Hark to me, Persians! Persia’s host lies low.

CHORUS.
O ruin manifold, and woe, and fear!
Let the wild tears run down, for the great doom is here!

MESSENGER.
This blow hath fallen, to the utterance, And I, past hope, behold my safe return!

CHORUS.
Too long, alack, too long this life of mine,
That in mine age I see this sudden woe condign!

MESSENGER.
As one who saw, by no loose rumour led,
Lords, I would tell what doom was dealt to us.

CHORUS.
Alack, how vainly have they striven!
Our myriad hordes with shaft and bow
Went from the Eastland, to lay low
Hellas, beloved of Heaven!

MESSENGER.
Piled with men dead, yea, miserably slain,
Is every beach, each reef of Salamis!

CHORUS.
Thou sayest sooth—ah well-a-day!
Battered amid the waves, and torn,
On surges hither, thither, borne,
Dead bodies, bloodstained and forlorn,
In their long cloaks they toss and stray!

MESSENGER.
Their bows availed not! all have perished, all,
By charging galleys crushed and whelmed in death.

CHORUS.
Shriek out your sorrow’s wistful wail!
To their untimely doom they went;
Ill strove they, and to no avail,
And minished is their armament!

MESSENGER.
Out on thee, hateful name of Salamis,
Out upon Athens, mournful memory!

CHORUS.
Woe upon this day’s evil fame!
Thou, Athens, art our murderess;
Alack, full many a Persian dame
Is left forlorn and husbandless!

ATOSSA.
Mute have I been awhile, and overwrought
At this great sorrow, for it passeth speech,
And passeth all desire to ask of it.
Yet if the gods send evils, men must bear.
(To the MESSENGER)
Unroll the record! stand composed and tell,
Although thy heart be groaning inwardly,
Who hath escaped, and, of our leaders, whom
Have we to weep? what chieftains in the van
Stood, sank, and died and left us leaderless?

MESSENGER.
Xerxes himself survives and sees the day.

ATOSSA.
Then to my line thy word renews the dawn
And golden dayspring after gloom of night!

MESSENGER.
But the brave marshal of ten thousand horse,
Artembares, is tossed and flung in death
Along the rugged rocks Silenian.
And Dadaces no longer leads his troop,
But, smitten by the spear, from off the prow
Hath lightly leaped to death; and Tenagon,
In true descent a Bactrian nobly born,
Drifts by the sea-lashed reefs of Salamis,
The isle of Ajax. Gone Lilaeus too,
Gone are Arsames and Argestes! all,
Around the islet where the sea-doves breed,
Dashed their defeated heads on iron rocks;
Arcteus, who dwelt beside the founts of Nile,
Adeues, Pheresseues, and with them
Pharnuchus, from one galley’s deck went down.
Matallus, too, of Chrysa, lord and king
Of myriad hordes, who led unto the fight
Three times ten thousand swarthy cavaliers,
Fell, with his swarthy and abundant beard
Incarnadined to red, a crimson stain
Outrivalling the purple of the sea!
There Magian Arabus and Artames
Of Bactra perished—taking up, alike,
In yonder stony land their long sojourn.
Amistris too, and he whose strenuous spear
Was foremost in the fight, Amphistreus fell,
And gallant Ariomardus, by whose death
Broods sorrow upon Sardis: Mysia mourns
For Seisames, and Tharubis lies low—
Commander, he, of five times fifty ships,
Born in Lyrnessus: his heroic form
Is low in death, ungraced with sepulchre.
Dead too is he, the lord of courage high,
Cilicia’s marshal, brave Syennesis,
Than whom none dealt more carnage on the foe,
Nor perished by a more heroic end.
So fell the brave: so speak I of their doom,
Summing in brief the fate of myriads!

ATOSSA.
Ah well-a-day! these crowning woes I hear,
The shame of Persia and her shrieks of dole!
But yet renew the tale, repeat thy words,
Tell o’er the count of those Hellenic ships,
And how they ventured with their beakèd prows
To charge upon the Persian armament.

MESSENGER.
Know, if mere count of ships could win the day,
The Persians had prevailed. The Greeks, in sooth,
Had but three hundred galleys at the most,
And other ten, select and separate.
But—I am witness—Xerxes held command
Of full a thousand keels, and, those apart,
Two hundred more, and seven, for speed renowned!—
So stands the reckoning, and who shall dare
To say we Persians had the lesser host?

ATOSSA.
Nay, we were worsted by an unseen power
Who swayed the balance downward to our doom!

MESSENGER.
In ward of heaven doth Pallas’ city stand.

ATOSSA.
How then? is Athens yet inviolate?

MESSENGER.
While her men live, her bulwark standeth firm!

ATOSSA.
Say, how began the struggle of the ships?
Who first joined issue? did the Greeks attack,
Or Xerxes, in his numbers confident?

MESSENGER.
O queen, our whole disaster thus befell,
Through intervention of some fiend or fate—
I know not what—that had ill will to us.
From the Athenian host some Greek came o’er,
To thy son Xerxes whispering this tale—
Once let the gloom of night have gathered in,
The Greeks will tarry not, but swiftly spring
Each to his galley-bench, in furtive flight,
Softly contriving safety for their life.
Thy son believed the word and missed the craft
Of that Greek foeman, and the spite of Heaven,
And straight to all his captains gave this charge—
As soon as sunlight warms the ground no more,
And gloom enwraps the sanctuary of sky,
Range we our fleet in triple serried lines
To bar the passage from the seething strait,
This way and that: let other ships surround
The isle of Ajax, with this warning word—
That if the Greeks their jeopardy should scape
By wary craft, and win their ships a road.
Each Persian captain shall his failure pay
By forfeit of his head. So spake the king,
Inspired at heart with over-confidence,
Unwitting of the gods’ predestined will.
Thereon our crews, with no disordered haste,
Did service to his bidding and purveyed
The meal of afternoon: each rower then
Over the fitted rowlock looped his oar.
Then, when the splendour of the sun had set,
And night drew on, each master of the oar
And each armed warrior straightway went aboard.
Forward the long ships moved, rank cheering rank,
Each forward set upon its ordered course.
And all night long the captains of the fleet
Kept their crews moving up and down the strait.
So the night waned, and not one Grecian ship
Made effort to elude and slip away.
But as dawn came and with her coursers white
Shone in fair radiance over all the earth,
First from the Grecian fleet rang out a cry,
A song of onset! and the island crags
Re-echoed to the shrill exulting sound.
Then on us Eastern men amazement fell
And fear in place of hope; for what we heard
Was not a call to flight! the Greeks rang out
Their holy, resolute, exulting chant,
Like men come forth to dare and do and die
Their trumpets pealed, and fire was in that sound,
And with the dash of simultaneous oars
Replying to the war-chant, on they came,
Smiting the swirling brine, and in a trice
They flashed upon the vision of the foe!
The right wing first in orderly advance
Came on, a steady column; following then,
The rest of their array moved out and on,
And to our ears there came a burst of sound,
A clamour manifold.—On, sons of Greece!
On, for your country’s freedom! strike to save
Wives, children, temples of ancestral gods,
Graves of your fathers! now is all at stake.
Then from our side swelled up the mingled din
Of Persian tongues, and time brooked no delay—
Ship into ship drave hard its brazen beak
With speed of thought, a shattering blow! and first
One Grecian bark plunged straight, and sheared away
Bowsprit and stem of a Phoenician ship.
And then each galley on some other’s prow
Came crashing in. Awhile our stream of ships
Held onward, till within the narrowing creek
Our jostling vessels were together driven,
And none could aid another: each on each
Drave hard their brazen beaks, or brake away
The oar-banks of each other, stem to stern,
While the Greek galleys, with no lack of skill,
Hemmed them and battered in their sides, and soon
The hulls rolled over, and the sea was hid,
Crowded with wrecks and butchery of men.
No beach nor reef but was with corpses strewn,
And every keel of our barbarian host
Hurried to flee, in utter disarray.
Thereon the foe closed in upon the wrecks
And hacked and hewed, with oars and splintered planks,
As fishermen hack tunnies or a cast
Of netted dolphins, and the briny sea
Rang with the screams and shrieks of dying men,
Until the night’s dark aspect hid the scene.
Had I a ten days’ time to sum that count
Of carnage, ’twere too little! know this well—
One day ne’er saw such myriad forms of death!

ATOSSA.
Woe on us, woe! disaster’s mighty sea
Hath burst on us and all the Persian realm!

MESSENGER.
Be well assured, the tale is but begun—
The further agony that on us fell
Doth twice outweigh the sufferings I have told!

ATOSSA.
Nay, what disaster could be worse than this?
Say on! what woe upon the army came,
Swaying the scale to a yet further fall?

MESSENGER.
The very flower and crown of Persia’s race,
Gallant of soul and glorious in descent,
And highest held in trust before the king,
Lies shamefully and miserably slain.

ATOSSA.
Alas for me and for this ruin, friends!
Dead, sayest thou? by what fate overthrown?

MESSENGER.
An islet is there, fronting Salamis—
Strait, and with evil anchorage: thereon
Pan treads the measure of the dance he loves
Along the sea-beach. Thither the king sent
His noblest, that, whene’er the Grecian foe
Should ’scape, with shattered ships, unto the isle,
We might make easy prey of fugitives
And slay them there, and from the washing tides
Rescue our friends. It fell out otherwise
Than he divined, for when, by aid of Heaven,
The Hellenes held the victory on the sea,
Their sailors then and there begirt themselves
With brazen mail and bounded from their ships,
And then enringed the islet, point by point,
So that our Persians in bewilderment
Knew not which way to turn. On every side,
Battered with stones, they fell, while arrows flew
From many a string, and smote them to the death.
Then, at the last, with simultaneous rush
The foe came bursting on us, hacked and hewed
To fragments all that miserable band,
Till not a soul of them was left alive.
Then Xerxes saw disaster’s depth, and shrieked,
From where he sat on high, surveying all—
A lofty eminence, beside the brine,
Whence all his armament lay clear in view.
His robe he rent, with loud and bitter wail,
And to his land-force swiftly gave command
And fled, with shame beside him! Now, lament
That second woe, upon the first imposed!

ATOSSA.
Out on thee, Fortune! thou hast foiled the hope
And power of Persia: to this bitter end
My son went forth to wreak his great revenge
On famous Athens! all too few they seemed,
Our men who died upon the Fennel-field!
Vengeance for them my son had mind to take,
And drew on his own head these whelming woes.
But thou, say on! the ships that ’scaped from wreck—
Where didst thou leave them? make thy story clear.

MESSENGER.
The captains of the ships that still survived
Fled in disorder, scudding down the wind,
The while our land-force on Boeotian soil
Fell into ruin, some beside the springs
Dropping before they drank, and some outworn,
Pursued, and panting all their life away.
The rest of us our way to Phocis won,
And thence to Doris and the Melian gulf,
Where with soft stream Spercheus laves the soil.
Thence to the northward did Phthiotis’ plain,
And some Thessalian fortress, lend us aid,
For famine-pinched we were, and many died
Of drought and hunger’s twofold present scourge.
Thence to Magnesia came we, and the land
Where Macedonians dwell, and crossed the ford
Of Axius, and Bolbe’s reedy fen,
And mount Pangaeus, in Edonian land.
There, in the very night we came, the god
Brought winter ere its time, from bank to bank
Freezing the holy Strymon’s tide. Each man
Who heretofore held lightly of the gods,
Now crouched and proffered prayer to Earth and Heaven!
Then, after many orisons performed,
The army ventured on the frozen ford:
Yet only those who crossed before the sun
Shed its warm rays, won to the farther side.
For soon the fervour of the glowing orb
Did with its keen rays pierce the ice-bound stream,
And men sank through and thrust each other down—
Best was his lot whose breath was stifled first!
But all who struggled through and gained the bank,
Toilfully wending through the land of Thrace
Have made their way, a sorry, scanted few,
Unto this homeland. Let the city now
Lament and yearn for all the loved and lost.
My tale is truth, yet much untold remains
Of ills that Heaven hath hurled upon our land.

CHORUS.
Spirit of Fate, too heavy were thy feet,
Those ill to match! that sprang on Persia’s realm.

ATOSSA.
Woe for the host, to wrack and ruin hurled!
O warning of the night, prophetic dream!
Thou didst foreshadow clearly all the doom,
While ye, old men, made light of woman’s fears!
Ah well—yet, as your divination ruled
The meaning of the sign, I hold it good,
First, that I put up prayer unto the gods,
And, after that, forth from my palace bring
The sacrificial cake, the offering due
To Earth and to the spirits of the dead.
Too well I know it is a timeless rite
Over a finished thing that cannot change!
But yet—I know not—there may come of it
Alleviation for the after time.
You it beseems, in view of what hath happed,
T’ advise with loyal hearts our loyal guards:
And to my son—if, ere my coming forth,
He should draw hitherward—give comfort meet,
Escort him to the palace in all state,
Lest to these woes he add another woe!

[Exit ATOSSA.]

CHORUS.
Zeus, lord and king! to death and nought
Our countless host by thee is brought.
Deep in the gloom of death, to-day,
Lie Susa and Ecbatana:
How many a maid in sorrow stands
And rends her tire with tender hands!
How tears run down, in common pain
And woeful mourning for the slain!
O delicate in dole and grief,
Ye Persian women! past relief
Is now your sorrow! to the war
Your loved ones went and come no more!
Gone from you is your joy and pride—
Severed the bridegroom from the bride—
The wedded couch luxurious
Is widowed now, and all the house
Pines ever with insatiate sighs,
And we stand here and bid arise,
For those who forth in ardour went
And come not back, the loud lament!

Land of the East, thou mournest for the host,
Bereft of all thy sons, alas the day!
For them whom Xerxes led hath Xerxes lost—
Xerxes who wrecked the fleet, and flung our hopes away!

How came it that Darius once controlled,
And without scathe, the army of the bow,
Loved by the folk of Susa, wise and bold?
Now is the land-force lost, the shipmen sunk below!

Ah for the ships that bore them, woe is me!
Bore them to death and doom! the crashing prows
Of fierce Ionian oarsmen swept the sea,
And death was in their wake, and shipwreck murderous!

Late, late and hardly—if true tales they tell—
Did Xerxes flee along the wintry way
And snows of Thrace—but ah, the first who fell
Lie by the rocks or float upon Cychrea’s bay!

Mourn, each and all! waft heavenward your cry,
Stung to the soul, bereaved, disconsolate!
Wail out your anguish, till it pierce the sky,
In shrieks of deep despair, ill-omened, desperate!

The dead are drifting, yea, are gnawed upon
By voiceless children of the stainless sea,
Or battered by the surge! we mourn and groan
For husbands gone to death, for childless agony!

Alas the aged men, who mourn to-day
The ruinous sorrows that the gods ordain!
O’er the wide Asian land, the Persian sway
Can force no tribute now, and can no rule sustain.

Yea, men will crouch no more to fallen power
And kingship overthrown! the whole land o’er,
Men speak the thing they will, and from this hour
The folk whom Xerxes ruled obey his word no more.

The yoke of force is broken from the neck—
The isle of Ajax and th’ encircling wave
Reek with a bloody crop of death and wreck
Of Persia’s fallen power, that none can lift nor save!

Re-enter ATOSSA, in mourning robes.

ATOSSA.
Friends, whosoe’er is versed in human ills,
Knoweth right well that when a wave of woe
Comes on a man, he sees in all things fear;
While, in flood-tide of fortune, ’tis his mood
To take that fortune as unchangeable,
Wafting him ever forward. Mark me now—
The gods’ thwart purpose doth confront mine eyes,
And all is terror to me; in mine ears
There sounds a cry, but not of triumph now—
So am I scared at heart by woe so great.
Therefore I wend forth from the house anew,
Borne in no car of state, nor robed in pride
As heretofore, but bringing, for the sire
Who did beget my son, libations meet
For holy rites that shall appease the dead—
The sweet white milk, drawn from a spotless cow,
The oozing drop of golden honey, culled
By the flower-haunting bee, and therewithal
Pure draughts of water from a virgin spring;
And lo! besides, the stainless effluence,
Born of the wild vine’s bosom, shining store
Treasured to age, this bright and luscious wine.
And eke the fragrant fruit upon the bough
Of the grey olive-tree, which lives its life
In sprouting leafage, and the twining flowers,
Bright children of the earth’s fertility.
But you, O friends! above these offerings poured
To reconcile the dead, ring out your dirge
To summon up Darius from the shades,
Himself a shade; and I will pour these draughts,
Which earth shall drink, unto the gods of hell.

CHORUS.
Queen, by the Persian land adored,
By thee be this libation poured,
Passing to those who hold command
Of dead men in the spirit-land!
And we will sue, in solemn chant,
That gods who do escort the dead
In nether realms, our prayer may grant—
Back to us be Darius led!

O Earth, and Hermes, and the king
Of Hades, our Darius bring!
For if, beyond the prayers we prayed,
He knoweth aught of help or aid,
He, he alone, in realms below,
Can speak the limit of our woe!

Doth he hear me, the king we adored, who is god among gods of the dead?
Doth he hear me send out in my sorrow the pitiful, manifold cry,
The sobbing lament and appeal? is the voice of my suffering sped
To the realm of the shades? doth he hear me and pity my sorrowful sigh?
O Earth, and ye Lords of the dead! release ye that spirit of might,
Who in Susa the palace was born! let him rise up once more to the light!

There is none like him, none of all
That e’er were laid in Persian sepulchres!
Borne forth he was to honoured burial,
A royal heart! and followed by our tears.
God of the dead, O give him back to us,
Darius, ruler glorious!
He never wasted us with reckless war—
God, counsellor, and king, beneath a happy star!
Ancient of days and king, awake and come—
Rise o’er the mounded tomb!
Rise, plant thy foot, with saffron sandal shod
Father to us, and god!
Rise with thy diadem, O sire benign,
Upon thy brow!
List to the strange new sorrows of thy line,
Sire of a woeful son!

A mist of fate and hell is round us now,
And all the city’s flower to death is done!
Alas, we wept thee once, and weep again!
O Lord of lords, by recklessness twofold
The land is wasted of its men,
And down to death are rolled
Wreckage of sail and oar,
Ships that are ships no more,
And bodies of the slain!

The GHOST OF DARIUS rises.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Ye aged Persians, truest of the true,
Coevals of the youth that once was mine,
What troubleth now our city? harken, how
It moans and beats the breast and rends the plain!
And I, beholding how my consort stood
Beside my tomb, was moved with awe, and took
The gift of her libation graciously.
But ye are weeping by my sepulchre,
And, shrilling forth a sad, evoking cry,
Summon me mournfully, Arise, arise.
No light thing is it, to come back from death,
For, in good sooth, the gods of nether gloom
Are quick to seize but late and loth to free!
Yet among them I dwell as one in power—
And lo, I come! now speak, and speed your words,
Lest I be blamed for tarrying overlong!
What new disaster broods o’er Persia’s realm?

CHORUS.
With awe on thee I gaze,
And, standing face to face,
I tremble as I did in olden days!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Nay, but as I rose to earth again, obedient to your call,
Prithee, tarry not in parley! be one word enough for all—
Speak and gaze on me unshrinking, neither let my face appal!

CHORUS.
I tremble to reveal,
Yet tremble to conceal
Things hard for friends to feel!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Nay, but if the old-time terror on your spirit keeps its hold,
Speak thou, O royal lady who didst couch with me of old!
Stay thy weeping and lamenting and to me reveal the truth—
Speak! for man is born to sorrow; yea, the proverb sayeth sooth!
’Tis the doom of mortal beings, if they live to see old age,
To suffer bale, by land and sea, through war and tempest’s rage.

ATOSSA.
O thou whose blissful fate on earth all mortal weal excelled—
Who, while the sunlight touched thine eyes, the lord of all wert held!
A god to Persian men thou wert, in bliss and pride and fame—
I hold thee blest too in thy death, or e’er the ruin came!
Alas, Darius! one brief word must tell thee all the tale—
The Persian power is in the dust, gone down in blood and bale!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Speak—by what chance? did man rebel, or pestilence descend?

ATOSSA.
Neither! by Athens’ fatal shores our army met its end.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Which of my children led our host to Athens? speak and say.

ATOSSA.
The froward Xerxes, leaving all our realm to disarray.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Was it with army or with fleet on folly’s quest he went?

ATOSSA.
With both alike, a twofold front of double armament.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
And how then did so large a host on foot pass o’er the sea?

ATOSSA.
He bridged the ford of Helle’s strait by artful carpentry.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
How? could his craft avail to span the torrent of that tide?

ATOSSA.
’Tis sooth I say—some unknown power did fatal help provide!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Alas, that power in malice came, to his bewilderment!

ATOSSA.
Alas, we see the end of all, the ruin on us sent.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Speak, tell me how they fared therein, that thus ye mourn and weep?

ATOSSA.
Disaster to the army came, through ruin on the deep!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Is all undone? hath all the folk gone down before the foe?

ATOSSA.
Yea, hark to Susa’s mourning cry for warriors laid low!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Alas for all our gallant aids, our Persia’s help and pride!

ATOSSA.
Ay! old with young, the Bactrian force hath perished at our side!

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Alas, my son! what gallant youths hath he sent down to death!

ATOSSA.
Alone, or with a scanty guard—for so the rumour saith—

GHOST OF DARIUS.
He came—but how, and to what end? doth aught of hope remain?

ATOSSA.
With joy he reached the bridge that spanned the Hellespontine main.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
How? is he safe, in Persian land? speak soothly, yea or nay!

ATOSSA.
Clear and more clear the rumour comes, for no man to gainsay.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Woe for the oracle fulfilled, the presage of the war
Launched on my son, by will of Zeus! I deemed our doom afar
In lap of time; but, if a king push forward to his fate,
The god himself allures to death that man infatuate!
So now the very fount of woe streams out on those I loved,
And mine own son, unwisely bold, the truth hereof hath proved!
He sought to shackle and control the Hellespontine wave,
That rushes from the Bosphorus, with fetters of a slave!—
To curb and bridge, with welded links, the streaming water-way,
And guide across the passage broad his manifold array!
Ah, folly void of counsel! he deemed that mortal wight
Could thwart the will of Heaven itself and curb Poseidon’s might!
Was it not madness? much I fear lest all my wealth and store
Pass from my treasure-house, to be the snatcher’s prize once more!

ATOSSA.
Such is the lesson, ah, too late! to eager Xerxes taught—
Trusting random counsellors and hare-brained men of nought,
Who said Darius mighty wealth and fame to us did bring,
But thou art nought, a blunted spear, a palace-keeping king!
Unto those sorry counsellors a ready ear he lent,
And led away to Hellas’ shore his fated armament.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Therefore through them hath come calamity
Most huge and past forgetting; nor of old
Did ever such extermination fall
Upon the city Susa. Long ago
Zeus in his power this privilege bestowed,
That with a guiding sceptre one sole man
Should rule this Asian land of flock and herd.
Over the folk a Mede, Astyages,
Did grasp the power: then Cyaxares ruled
In his sire’s place, and held the sway aright,
Steering his state with watchful wariness.
Third in succession, Cyrus, blest of Heaven,
Held rule and ’stablished peace for all his clan:
Lydian and Phrygian won he to his sway,
And wide Ionia to his yoke constrained,
For the god favoured his discretion sage.
Fourth in the dynasty was Cyrus’ son,
And fifth was Mardus, scandal of his land
And ancient lineage. Him Artaphrenes,
Hardy of heart, within his palace slew,
Aided by loyal plotters, set for this.
And I too gained the lot for which I craved,
And oftentimes led out a goodly host,
Yet never brought disaster such as this
Upon the city. But my son is young
And reckless in his youth, and heedeth not
The warnings of my mouth. Mark this, my friends,
Born with my birth, coeval with mine age—
Not all we kings who held successive rule
Have wrought, combined, such ruin as my son!

CHORUS.
How then, O King Darius? whitherward
Dost thou direct thy warning? from this plight
How can we Persians fare towards hope again?

GHOST OF DARIUS.
By nevermore assailing Grecian lands,
Even tho’ our Median force be double theirs—
For the land’s self protects its denizens.

CHORUS.
How meanest thou? by what defensive power?

GHOST OF DARIUS.
She wastes by famine a too countless foe.

CHORUS.
But we will bring a host more skilled than huge.

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Why, e’en that army, camped in Hellas still,
Shall never win again to home and weal!

CHORUS.
How say’st thou? will not all the Asian host
Pass back from Europe over Helle’s ford?

GHOST OF DARIUS.
Nay—scarce a tithe of all those myriads,
If man may trust the oracles of Heaven
When he beholds the things already wrought,
Not false with true, but true with no word false
If what I trow be truth, my son has left
A chosen rear-guard of our host, in whom
He trusts, now, with a random confidence!
They tarry where Asopus laves the ground
With rills that softly bless Boeotia’s plain—
There is it fated for them to endure
The very crown of misery and doom,
Requital for their god-forgetting pride!
For why? they raided Hellas, had the heart
To wrong the images of holy gods,
And give the shrines and temples to the flame!
Defaced and dashed from sight the altars fell,
And each god’s image, from its pedestal
Thrust and flung down, in dim confusion lies!
Therefore, for outrage vile, a doom as dark
They suffer, and yet more shall undergo—
They touch no bottom in the swamp of doom,
But round them rises, bubbling up, the ooze!
So deep shall lie the gory clotted mass
Of corpses by the Dorian spear transfixed
Upon Plataea’s field! yea, piles of slain
To the third generation shall attest
By silent eloquence to those that see—
Let not a mortal vaunt him overmuch.
For pride grows rankly, and to ripeness brings
The curse of fate, and reaps, for harvest, tears!
Therefore when ye behold, for deeds like these,
Such stern requital paid, remember then
Athens and Hellas. Let no mortal wight,
Holding too lightly of his present weal
And passionate for more, cast down and spill
The mighty cup of his prosperity!
Doubt not that over-proud and haughty souls
Zeus lours in wrath, exacting the account.
Therefore, with wary warning, school my son,
Though he be lessoned by the gods already,
To curb the vaunting that affronts high Heaven!
And thou, O venerable Mother-queen,
Beloved of Xerxes, to the palace pass
And take therefrom such raiment as befits
Thy son, and go to meet him: for his garb
In this extremity of grief hangs rent
Around his body, woefully unstitched,
Mere tattered fragments of once royal robes!
Go thou to him, speak soft and soothing words—
Thee, and none other, will he bear to hear,
As well I know. But I must pass away
From earth above, unto the nether gloom;
Therefore, old men, take my farewell, and clasp,
Even amid the ruin of this time,
Unto your souls the pleasure of the day,
For dead men have no profit of their gold!

[The GHOST OF DARIUS sinks.]

CHORUS.
Alas, I thrill with pain for Persia’s woes—
Many fulfilled, and others hard at hand!

ATOSSA.
O spirit of the race, what sorrows crowd
Upon me! and this anguish stings me worst,
That round my royal son’s dishonoured form
Hang rags and tatters, degradation deep!
I will away, and, bringing from within
A seemly royal robe, will straightway strive
To meet and greet my son: foul scorn it were
To leave our dearest in his hour of shame.

[Exit ATOSSA.]

CHORUS.
Ah glorious and goodly they were, the life and the lot that we gained,
The cities we held in our hand when the monarch invincible reigned,
The king that was good to his realm, sufficing, fulfilled of his sway,
A lord that was peer of the gods, the pride of the bygone day!
Then could we show to the skies great hosts and a glorious name,
And laws that were stable in might; as towers they guarded our fame!
There without woe or disaster we came from the foe and the fight,
In triumph, enriched with the spoil, to the land and the city’s delight.
What towns ere the Halys he passed! what towns ere he came to the West,
To the main and the isles of the Strymon, and the Thracian region possess’d!
And those that stand back from the main, enringed by their fortified wall,
Gave o’er to Darius, the king, the sceptre and sway over all!
Those too by the channel of Helle, where southward it broadens and glides,
By the inlets, Propontis! of thee, and the strait of the Pontic tides,
And the isles that lie fronting our sea-board, and the Eastland looks on each one,
Lesbo and Chios and Paros, and Samos with olive-trees grown,
And Naxos, and Myconos’ rock, and Tenos with Andros hard by,
And isles that in midmost Aegean, aloof from the continent, lie—
And Lemnos and Icaros’ hold—all these to his sceptre were bowed,
And Cnidos and neighbouring Rhodes, and Soli, and Paphos the proud,
And Cyprian Salamis, name-child of her who hath wrought us this wrong!
Yea, and all the Ionian tract, where the Greek-born inhabitants throng,
And the cities are teeming with gold—Darius was lord of them all,
And, great by his wisdom, he ruled, and ever there came to his call,
In stalwart array and unfailing, the warrior chiefs of our land,
And mingled allies from the tribes who bowed to his conquering hand!
But now there are none to gainsay that the gods are against us; we lie
Subdued in the havoc of wreck, and whelmed by the wrath of the sky!

Enter XERXES in disarray.

XERXES.
Alas the day, that I should fall
Into this grimmest fate of all,
This ruin doubly unforeseen!
On Persia’s land what power of Fate
Descends, what louring gloom of hate?
How shall I bear my teen?
My limbs are loosened where they stand,
When I behold this aged band—
Oh God! I would that I too, I,
Among the men who went to die,
Were whelmed in earth by Fate’s command!

CHORUS.
Ah welladay, my King! ah woe
For all our heroes’ overthrow—
For all the gallant host’s array,
For Persia’s honour, pass’d away,
For glory and heroic sway
Mown down by Fortune’s hand to-day!
Hark, how the kingdom makes its moan,
For youthful valour lost and gone,
By Xerxes shattered and undone!
He, he hath crammed the maw of hell
With bowmen brave, who nobly fell,
Their country’s mighty armament,
Ten thousand heroes deathward sent!
Alas, for all the valiant band,
O king and lord! thine Asian land
Down, down upon its knee is bent!

XERXES.
Alas, a lamentable sound,
A cry of ruth! for I am found
A curse to land and lineage,
With none my sorrow to assuage!

CHORUS.
Alas, a death-song desolate
I send forth, for thy home-coming!
A scream, a dirge for woe and fate,
Such as the Asian mourners sing,
A sorry and ill-omened tale
Of tears and shrieks and Eastern wail!

XERXES.
Ay, launch the woeful sorrow’s cry,
The harsh, discordant melody,
For lo, the power, we held for sure,
Hath turned to my discomfiture!

CHORUS.
Yea, dirges, dirges manifold
Will I send forth, for warriors bold,
For the sea-sorrow of our host!
The city mourns, and I must wail
With plashing tears our sorrow’s tale,
Lamenting for the loved and lost!

XERXES.
Alas, the god of war, who sways
The scales of fight in diverse ways,
Gives glory to Ionia!
Ionian ships, in fenced array,
Have reaped their harvest in the bay,
A darkling harvest-field of Fate,
A sea, a shore, of doom and hate!

CHORUS.
Cry out, and learn the tale of woe!
Where are thy comrades? where the band
Who stood beside thee, hand in hand,
A little while ago?
Where now hath Pharandákes gone,
Where Psammis, and where Pelagon?
Where now is brave Agdabatas,
And Susas too, and Datamas?
Hath Susiscanes past away,
The chieftain of Ecbatana?

XERXES.
I left them, mangled castaways,
Flung from their Tyrian deck, and tossed
On Salaminian water-ways,
From surging tides to rocky coast!

CHORUS.
Alack, and is Pharnuchus slain,
And Ariomardus, brave in vain?
Where is Seualces’ heart of fire?
Lilaeus, child of noble sire?
Are Tharubis and Memphis sped?
Hystaechmas, Artembáres dead?
And where is brave Masistes, where?
Sum up death’s count, that I may hear!

XERXES.
Alas, alas, they came, their eyes surveyed
Ancestral Athens on that fatal day.
Then with a rending struggle were they laid
Upon the land, and gasped their life away!

CHORUS.
And Batanochus’ child, Alpistus great,
Surnamed the Eye of State—
Saw you and left you him who once of old
Ten thousand thousand fighting-men enrolled?
His sire was child of Sesamas, and he
From Megabates sprang. Ah, woe is me,
Thou king of evil fate!
Hast thou lost Parthus, lost Oebares great?
Alas, the sorrow! blow succeedeth blow
On Persia’s pride; thou tellest woe on woe!

XERXES.
Bitter indeed the pang for comrades slain,
The brave and bold! thou strikest to my soul
Pain, pain beyond forgetting, hateful pain.
My inner spirit sobs and sighs with dole!

CHORUS.
Another yet we yearn to see,
And see not! ah, thy chivalry,
Xanthis, thou chief of Mardian men
Countless! and thou, Anchares bright,
And ye, whose cars controlled the fight,
Arsaces and Diaixis wight,
Kegdadatas, Lythimnas dear,
And Tolmus, greedy of the spear!
I stand bereft! not in thy train
Come they, as erst! ah, ne’er again
Shall they return unto our eyes,
Car-borne, ’neath silken canopies!

XERXES.
Yea, gone are they who mustered once the host!

CHORUS.
Yea, yea, forgotten, lost!

XERXES.
Alas, the woe and cost!

CHORUS.
Alas, ye heavenly powers!
Ye wrought a sorrow past belief,
A woe, of woes the chief!
With aspect stern, upon us Ate looms!

XERXES.
Smitten are we—time tells no heavier blow!

CHORUS.
Smitten! the doom is plain!

XERXES.
Curse upon curse and pang on pang we know!

CHORUS.
With the Ionian power
We clashed, in evil hour!
Woe falls on Persia’s race, yea, woe again, again!

XERXES.
Yea, smitten am I, and my host is all to ruin hurled!

CHORUS.
Yea verily—in mighty wreck hath sunk the Persian world!

XERXES (holding up a torn robe and a quiver)
See you this tattered rag of pride?

CHORUS.
I see it, welladay!

XERXES.
See you this quiver?

CHORUS.
Say, hath aught survived and ’scaped the fray?

XERXES.
A store for darts it was, erewhile!

CHORUS.
Remain but two or three!

XERXES.
No aid is left!

CHORUS.
Ionian folk such darts, unfearing, see!

XERXES.
Right resolute they are! I saw disaster unforeseen.

CHORUS.
Ah, speakest thou of wreck, of flight, of carnage that hath been?

XERXES.
Yea, and my royal robe I rent, in terror at their fall!

CHORUS.
Alas, alas!

XERXES.
Yea, thrice alas!

CHORUS.
For all have perished, all!

XERXES.
Ah woe to us, ah joy to them who stood against our pride!

CHORUS.
And all our strength is minished and sundered from our side!

XERXES.
No escort have I!

CHORUS.
Nay, thy friends are whelmed beneath the tide!

XERXES.
Wail, wail the miserable doom, and to the palace hie!

CHORUS.
Alas, alas, and woe again!

XERXES.
Shriek, smite the breast, as I!

CHORUS.
An evil gift, a sad exchange, of tears poured out in vain!

XERXES.
Shrill out your simultaneous wail!

CHORUS.
Alas the woe and pain!

XERXES.
O, bitter is this adverse fate!

CHORUS.
I voice the moan with thee!

XERXES.
Smite, smite thy bosom, groan aloud for my calamity!

CHORUS.
I mourn and am dissolved in tears!

XERXES.
Cry, beat thy breast amain!

CHORUS.
O king, my heart is in thy woe!

XERXES.
Shriek, wail, and shriek again!

CHORUS.
O agony!

XERXES.
A blackening blow—

CHORUS.
A grievous stripe shall fall!

XERXES.
Yea, beat anew thy breast, ring out the doleful Mysian call!

CHORUS.
An agony, an agony!

XERXES.
Pluck out thy whitening beard!

CHORUS.
By handfuls, ay, by handfuls, with dismal tear-drops smeared!

XERXES.
Sob out thine aching sorrow!

CHORUS.
I will thine best obey.

XERXES.
With thine hands rend thy mantle’s fold—

CHORUS.
Alas, woe worth the day!

XERXES.
With thine own fingers tear thy locks, bewail the army’s weird!

CHORUS.
By handfuls, yea, by handfuls, with tears of dole besmeared!

XERXES.
Now let thine eyes find overflow—

CHORUS.
I wend in wail and pain!

XERXES.
Cry out for me an answering moan—

CHORUS.
Alas, alas again!

XERXES.
Shriek with a cry of agony, and lead the doleful train!

CHORUS.
Alas, alas, the Persian land is woeful now to tread!

XERXES.
Cry out and mourn! the city now doth wail above the dead!

CHORUS.
I sob and moan!

XERXES.
I bid ye now be delicate in grief!

CHORUS.
Alas, the Persian land is sad and knoweth not relief!

XERXES.
Alas, the triple banks of oars and those who died thereby!

CHORUS.
Pass! I will lead you, bring you home, with many a broken sigh!

[Exeunt.]

The Seven Against Thebes

Dramatis Personae

ETEOCLES, son of Oedipus, King of Thebes
A SPY
CHORUS OF THEBAN WOMEN
ANTIGONE
ISMENE
sisters of ETEOCLES
A HERALD

The Seven Against Thebes

Scene 

Within the Citadel of Thebes. There is an altar with the statues of several gods visible. A crowd of citizens are present as ETEOCLES enters with his attendants.

ETEOCLES
Clansmen of Cadmus, at the signal given 
By time and season must the ruler speak 
Who sets the course and steers the ship of State 
With hand upon the tiller, and with eye 
Watchful against the treachery of sleep. 
For if all go aright, thank Heaven, men say, 
But if adversely-which may God forefend!- 
One name on many lips, from street to street, 
Would bear the bruit and rumour of the time, 
Down witk Eteocles!-a clamorous curse, 
A dirge of ruin. May averting Zeus 
Make good his title here, in Cadmus' hold! 
You it beseems now-boys unripened yet 
To lusty manhood, men gone past the prime 
And increase of the full begetting seed, 
And those whom youth and manhood well combined 
Array for action-all to rise in aid 
Of city, shrines, and altars of all powers 
Who guard our land; that ne'er, to end of time, 
Be blotted out the sacred service due 
To our sweet mother-land and to her brood. 
For she it was who to their guest-right called 
Your waxing youth, was patient of the toil, 
And cherished you on the land's gracious lap, 
Alike to plant the hearth and bear the shield 
In loyal service, for an hour like this. 
Mark now! until to-day, luck rules our scale; 
For we, though long beleaguered, in the main 
Have with our sallies struck the foemen hard. 
But now the seer, the feeder of the birds 
(Whose art unerring and prophetic skill 
Of ear and mind divines their utterance 
Without the lore of fire interpreted) 
Foretelleth, by the mastery of his art, 
That now an onset of Achaea's host 
Is by a council of the night designed 
To fall in double strength upon our walls. 
Up and away, then, to the battlements, 
The gates, the bulwarks! don your panoplies, 
Array you at the breast-work, take your stand 
On the floorings of the towers, and with good heart 
Stand firm for sudden sallies at the gates, 
Nor hold too heinous a respect for hordes 
Sent on you from afar: some god will guard! 
I too, for shrewd espial of their camp, 
Have sent forth scouts, and confidence is mine 
They will not fail nor tremble at their task, 
And, with their news, I fear no foeman's guile.
A Spy enters.

THE SPY
Eteocles, high king of Cadmus' folk, 
I stand here with news certified and sure 
From Argos' camp, things by myself descried. 
Seven warriors yonder, doughty chiefs of might, 
Into the crimsoned concave of a shield 
Have shed a bull's blood, and, with hands immersed 
Into the gore of sacrifice, have sworn 
By Ares, lord of fight, and by thy name, 
Blood-lapping Terror, Let our oath be heard- 
Either to raze the walls, make void the hold 
Of Cadmus-strive his children as they may- 
Or, dying here, to make the foemen's land 
With blood impasted. Then, as memory's gift 
Unto their parents at the far-off home, 
Chaplets they hung upon Adrastus' car, 
With eyes tear-dropping, but no word of moan. 
For their steeled spirit glowed with high resolve, 
As lions pant, with battle in their eyes. 
For them, no weak alarm delays the clear 
Issues of death or life! I parted thence 
Even as they cast the lots, how each should lead, 
Against which gate, his serried company. 
Rank then thy bravest, with what speed thou may'st, 
Hard by the gates, to dash on them, for now, 
Full-armed, the onward ranks of Argos come! 
The dust whirls up, and from their panting steeds 
White foamy flakes like snow bedew the plain. 
Thou therefore, chieftain! like a steersman skilled, 
Enshield the city's bulwarks, ere the blast 
Of war comes darting on them! hark, the roar 
Of the great landstorm with its waves of men 
Take Fortune by the forelock! for the rest, 
By yonder dawn-light will I scan the field 
Clear and aright, and surety of my word 
Shall keep thee scatheless of the coming storm.

ETEOCLES
O Zeus and Earth and city-guarding gods, 
And thou, my father's Curse, of baneful might, 
Spare ye at least this town, nor root it up, 
By violence of the foemen, stock and stem! 
For here, from home and hearth, rings Hellas' tongue. 
Forbid that e'er the yoke of slavery 
Should bow this land of freedom, Cadmus' hold! 
Be ye her help! your cause I plead with mine- 
A city saved doth honour to her gods!
ETEOCLES, his attendants and most of the crowd go out. The CHORUS OF THEBAN WOMEN enters. They appear terror-stricken.

CHORUS singing
I wail in the stress of my terror, and shrill is my cry of despair. 
The foemen roll forth from their camp as a billow, and onward they bear! 
Their horsemen are swift in the forefront, the dust rises up to the sky, 
A signal, though speechless, of doom, a herald more clear than a cry! 
Hoof-trampled, the land of my love bears onward the din to mine ears. 
As a torrent descending a mountain, it thunders and echoes and nears! 
The doom is unloosened and cometh! O kings and O queens of high 
Heaven, 
Prevail that it fall not upon us! the sign for their onset is given- 
They stream to the walls from without, white-shielded and keen for the fray. 
The rush of their feet? to what shrine shall I bow me in terror and pray?
They rush to pray to the gods.
O gods high-throned in bliss, we must crouch at the shrines in your home! 
Not here must we tarry and wail: shield clashes on shield as they come 
And now, even now is the hour for the robes and the chaplets of prayer! 
Mine eyes feel the flash of the sword, the clang is instinct with the spear! 
Is thy hand set against us, O Ares, in ruin and wrath to o'erwhelm 
Thine own immemorial land, O god of the golden helm? 
Look down upon us, we beseech thee, on the land that thou lovest of old. 

strophe 1

And ye, O protecting gods, in pity your people behold! 
Yea, save us, the maidenly troop, from the doom and despair of the slave, 
For the crests of the foemen come onward, their rush is the rush of a wave 
Rolled on by the War-god's breath! almighty one, hear us and save 
From the grasp of the Argives' might! to the ramparts of Cadmus they crowd, 
And, clenched in the teeth of the steeds, the bits clink horror aloud 
And seven high chieftains of war, with spear and with panoply bold, 
Are set, by the law of the lot, to storm the seven gates of our hold! 

antistrophe 1

Be near and befriend us, O Pallas, the Zeus-born maiden of might! 
O lord of the steed and the sea, be thy trident uplifted to smite 
In eager desire of the fray, Poseidon! and Ares come down, 
In fatherly presence revealed, to rescue Harmonia's town! 
Thine too, Aphrodite, we are! thou art mother and queen of our race, 
To thee we cry out in our need, from thee let thy children have grace! 
Ye too, to scare back the foe, be your cry as a wolf's howl wild, 
Thou, O the wolf-lord, and thou, of she-wolf Leto the child! 

strophe 2

Woe and alack for the sound, for the rattle of cars to the wall, 
And the creak of the griding axles! O Hera, to thee is our call! 
Artemis, maiden beloved! the air is distraught with the spears, 
And whither doth destiny drive us, and where is the goal of our fears? 

antistrophe 2

The blast of the terrible stones on the ridge of our wall is not stayed, 
At the gates is the brazen clash of the bucklers-Apollo to aid! 
Thou too, O daughter of Zeus, who guidest the wavering fray 
To the holy decision of fate, Athena! be with us to-day! 
Come down to the sevenfold gates and harry the foemen away! 

strophe 3

O gods and O sisters of gods, our bulwark and guard! we beseech 
That ye give not our war-worn hold to a rabble of alien speech! 
List to the call of the maidens, the hands held up for the right, 

antistrophe 3

Be near us, protect us, and show that the city is dear in your sight! 
Have heed for her sacrifice holy, and thought of her offerings take, 
Forget not her love and her worship, be near her and smite for her sake!
ETEOCLES and his retinue re-enter.

ETEOCLES addressing the CHORUS
Hark to my question, things detestable! 
Is this aright and for the city's weal, 
And helpful to our army thus beset, 
That ye before the statues of our gods 
Should fling yourselves, and scream and shriek your fears? 
Immodest, uncontrolled! Be this my lot- 
Never in troublous nor in peaceful days 
To dwell with aught that wears a female form! 
Where womankind has power, no man can house, 
Where womankind feeds panic, ruin rules 
Alike in house and city! Look you now- 
Your flying feet, and rumour of your fears, 
Have spread a soulless panic on our walls, 
And they without do go from strength to strength, 
And we within make breach upon ourselves! 
Such fate it brings, to house with womankind. 
Therefore if any shall resist my rule 
Or man, or woman, or some sexless thing- 
The vote of sentence shall decide their doom, 
And stones of execution, past escape, 
Shall finish all. Let not a woman's voice 
Be loud in council! for the things without, 
A man must care; let women keep within- 
Even then is mischief all too probable! 
Hear ye? or speak I to unheeding ears?

CHORUS chanting
Ah, but I shudder, child of Oedipus! 
I heard the clash and clang! 
The axles rolled and rumbled; woe to us, 
Fire-welded bridles rang! 
Say-when a ship is strained and deep in brine, 
Did eer a seaman mend his chance, who left 
The helm, t' invoke the image at the prow?

CHORUS chanting
Ah, but I fled to the shrines, I called to our helpers on high, 
When the stone-shower roared at the portals! 
I sped to the temples aloft, and loud was my call and my cry, 
Look down and deliver, Immortals!

ETEOCLES
Ay, pray amain that stone may vanquish steel! 
Where not that grace of gods? ay, ay-methinks, 
When cities fall, the gods go forth from them!

CHORUS chanting
Ah, let me die, or ever I behold 
The gods go forth, in conflagration dire! 
The foemen's rush and raid, and all our hold 
Wrapt in the burning fire!

ETEOCLES
Cry not on Heaven, in impotent debate! 
What saith the saw?-Good saving Strength, in verity, 
Out of Obedience breeds the babe Prosperity.

CHORUS chanting
'Tis true: yet stronger is the power divine, 
And oft, when man's estate is overbowed 
With bitter pangs, disperses from his eyne 
The heavy, hanging cloud!

ETEOCLES
Let men with sacrifice and augury 
Approach the gods, when comes the tug of war: 
Alaids must be silent and abide within.

CHORUS chanting
By grace of the gods we hold it, a city untamed of the spear, 
And the battlement wards from the wall the foe and his aspect of fear! 
What need of displeasure herein?

ETEOCLES
Ay, pay thy vows to Heaven; I grudge them not, 
But-so thou strike no fear into our men- 
Have calm at heart, nor be too much afraid. 
Alack, it is fresh in mine ears, the clamour and crash of the fray, 
And up to our holiest height I sped on my timorous way, 
Bewildered, beset by the din!

ETEOCLES
Now, if ye hear the bruit of death or wounds, 
Give not yourselves o'ermuch to shriek and scream, 
For Ares ravins upon human flesh.

LEADER OF THE CHORUS
Ah, but the snorting of the steeds I hear!

ETEOCLES
Then, if thou hearest, hear them not too well

LEADER
Hark, the earth rumbles, as they close us round!

ETEOCLES
Enough if I am here, with plans prepared.

LEADER
Alack, the battering at the gates is loud!

ETEOCLES
Peace! stay your tongue, or else the town may hear!

LEADER
O warders of the walls, betray them not!

ETEOCLES
Beshrew your cries! in silence face your fate.

LEADER
Gods of our city, see me not enslaved!

ETEOCLES
On me, on all, thy cries bring slavery.

LEADER
Zeus, strong to smite, turn upon foes thy blow!

ETEOCLES
Zeus, what a curse are women, wrought by thee!

LEADER
Weak wretches, even as men, when cities fall. 
What! clasping gods, yet voicing thy despair?

LEADER
In the sick heart, fear maketh prey of speech.

ETEOCLES
Light is the thing I ask thee-do my will!

LEADER
Ask swiftly: swiftly shall I know my power.

ETEOCLES
Silence, weak wretch! nor put thy friends in fear.

LEADER
I speak no more: the general fate be mine!

ETEOCLES
I take that word as wiser than the rest. 
Nay, more: these images possess thy will- 
Pray, in their strength, that Heaven be on our side! 
Then hear my prayers withal, and then ring out 
The female triumph-note, thy privilege- 
Yea, utter forth the usage Hellas knows, 
The cry beside the altars, sounding clear 
Encouragement to friends, alarm to foes. 
But I unto all gods that guard our walls, 
Lords of the plain or warders of the mart 
And to Ismenus' stream and Dirce's rills, 
I swear, if Fortune smiles and saves our town, 
That we will make our altars reek with blood 
Of sheep and kine, shed forth unto the gods, 
And with victorious tokens front our fanes- 
Corslets and casques that once our foemen wore, 
Spear-shattered now-to deck these holy homes! 
Be such thy vows to Heaven-away with sighs, 
Away with outcry vain and barbarous, 
That shall avail not, in a general doom! 
But I will back, and, with six chosen men 
Myself the seventh, to confront the foe 
In this great aspect of a poised war, 
Return and plant them at the sevenfold gates, 
Or e'er the prompt and clamorous battle-scouts 
Haste to inflame our counsel with the need.
ETEOCLES and his retinue go out.

CHORUS singing
strophe 1

I mark his words, yet, dark and deep, 
My heart's alarm forbiddeth sleep! 
Close-clinging cares around my soul 
Enkindle fears beyond control, 
Presageful of what doom may fall 
From the great leaguer of the wall! 
So a poor dove is faint with fear 
For her weak nestlings, while anew 
Glides on the snaky ravisher! 
In troop and squadron, hand on hand, 
They climb and throng, and hemmed we stand, 
While on the warders of our town 
The flinty shower comes hurtling down! 
Gods born of Zeus! put forth your might 
For Cadmus' city, realm, and right! 

antistrophe 1

What nobler land shall e'er be yours, 
If once ye give to hostile powers 
The deep rich soil, and Dirce's wave, 
The nursing stream, Poseidon gave 
And Tethys' children? Up and save! 
Cast on the ranks that hem us round 
A deadly panic, make them fling 
Their arms in terror on the ground, 
And die in carnage! thence shall spring 
High honour for our clan and king! 
Come at our wailing cry, and stand 
As throned sentries of our land! 

strophe 2

For pity and sorrow it were that this immemorial town 
Should sink to be slave of the spear, to dust and to ashes gone down, 
By the gods of Achaean worship and arms of Achaean might 
Sacked and defiled and dishonoured, its women the prize of the fight- 
That, haled by the hair as a steed, their mantles dishevelled and torn, 
The maiden and matron alike should pass to the wedlock of scorn! 
I hear it arise from the city, the manifold wail of despair- 
Woe, woe for the doom that shall be-as in grasp of the foeman they fare! 

antistrophe 2

For a woe and a weeping it is, if the maiden inviolate flower 
Is plucked by the foe in his might, not culled in the bridal bower! 
Alas for the hate and the horror-how say it?-less hateful by far 
Is the doom to be slain by the sword, hewn down in the carnage of war! 
For wide, ah! wide is the woe when the foeman has mounted the wall; 
There is havoc and terror and flame, and the dark smoke broods over all, 
And wild is the war-god's breath, as in frenzy of conquest he springs, 
And pollutes with the blast of his lips the glory of holiest things! 

strophe 3

Up to the citadel rise clash and din, 
The war-net closes in, 
The spear is in the heart: with blood imbrued 
Young mothers wail aloud, 
For children at their breast who scream and die! 
And boys and maidens fly, 
Yet scape not the pursuer, in his greed 
To thrust and grasp and feed! 
Robber with robber joins, each calls his mate 
Unto the feast of hate- 
The banquet, lo! is spread-seize, rend, and tear! 
No need to choose or share! 

antistrophe 3

And all the wealth of earth to waste is poured- 
A sight by all abhorred! 
The grieving housewives eye it; heaped and blent, 
Earth's boons are spoiled and spent, 
And waste to nothingness; and O alas, 
Young maids, forlorn ye pass- 
Fresh horror at your hearts-beneath the power 
Of those who crop the flower! 
Ye own the ruffian ravisher for lord, 
And night brings rites abhorred! 
Woe, woe for you! upon your grief and pain 
There comes a fouler stain.
On one side the SPY enters; on the other, ETEOCLES and the SIX CHAMPIONS.

LEADER OF THE FIRST SEMI-CHORUS
Look, friends! methinks the scout, who parted hence 
To spy upon the foemen, comes with news, 
His feet as swift as wafting chariot-wheels.

LEADER OF THE SECOND SEMI-CHORUS
Ay, and our king, the son of Oedipus, 
Comes prompt to time, to learn the spy's report- 
His heart is fainer than his foot is fast!

THE SPY
Well have I scanned the foe, and well can say 
Unto which chief, by lot, each gate is given. 
Tydeus already with his onset-cry 
Storms at the gate called Proetides; but him 
The seer Amphiaraus holds at halt, 
Nor wills that he should cross Ismenus' ford, 
Until the sacrifices promise fair. 
But Tydeus, mad with lust of blood and broil, 
Like to a cockatrice at noontide hour, 
Hisses out wrath and smites with scourge of tongue 
The prophet-son of Oecleus-Wise thou art, 
Faint against war, and holding back from death! 
With such revilings loud upon his lips 
He waves the triple plumes that o'er his helm 
Float overshadowing, as a courser's mane; 
And at his shield's rim, terror in their tone, 
Clang and reverberate the brazen bells. 
And this proud sign, wrought on his shield, he bears,- 
The vault of heaven, inlaid with blazing stars; 
And, for the boss, the bright moon glows at full, 
The eye of night, the first and lordliest star. 
Thus with high-vaunted armour, madly bold, 
He clamours by the stream-bank, wild for war, 
As a steed panting grimly on his bit, 
Held in and chafing for the trumpet's bray! 
Whom wilt thou set against him? when the gates 
Of Proetus yield, who can his rush repel?

ETEOCLES
To me, no blazon on a foeman's shield 
Shall e'er present a fear! such pointed threats 
Are powerless to wound; his plumes and bells, 
Without a spear, are snakes without a sting. 
Nay, more-that pageant of which thou tellest- 
The nightly sky displayed, ablaze with stars, 
Upon his shield, palters with double sense 
One headstrong fool will find its truth anon! 
For, if night fall upon his eyes in death, 
Yon vaunting blazon will its own truth prove, 
And he is prophet of his folly's fall. 
Mine shall it be, to pit against his power 
The loyal son of Astacus, as guard 
To hold the gateways-a right valiant soul, 
Who has in heed the throne of Modesty 
And loathes the speech of Pride, and evermore 
Shrinks from the base, but knows no other fear. 
He springs by stock from those whom Ares spared, 
The men called Sown, a right son of the soil, 
And Melanippus styled. Now, what his arm 
To-day shall do, rests with the dice of war, 
And Ares shall ordain it; but his cause 
Hath the true badge of Right, to urge him on 
To guard, as son, his motherland from wrong.
MELANIPPUS goes out.

CHORUS chanting
Then may the gods give fortune fair 
Unto our chief, sent forth to dare 
War's terrible arbitrament! 
But ah! when champions wend away, 
I shudder, lest, from out the fray, 
Only their blood-stained wrecks be sent!

THE SPY
Nay, let him pass, and the gods' help be his! 
Next, Capaneus comes on, by lot to lead 
The onset at the gates Electran styled: 
A giant be, more huge than Tydeus' self, 
And more than human in his arrogance- 
May fate forefend his threat against our walls! 
God willing, or unwilling-such his vaunt- 
I will lay waste this city; Pallas' self, 
Zeus's warrior maid, although she swoop to earth 
And plant her in my path, shall stay me not. 
And, for the flashes of the levin-bolt, 
He holds them harmless as the noontide rays. 
Mark, too, the symbol on his shield-a man 
Scornfully weaponless but torch in hand, 
And the flame glows witbin his grasp, prepared 
For ravin: lo, the legend, wrought in words, 
Fire for the city bring I, flares in gold! 
Against such wight, send forth-yet whom? what man 
Will front that vaunting figure and not fear?

ETEOCLES
Aha, this profits also, gain on gain! 
In sooth, for mortals, the tongue's utterance 
Bewrays unerringly a foolish pride! 
Hither stalks Capaneus, with vaunt and threat 
Defying god-like powers, equipt to act, 
And, mortal though he be, he strains his tongue 
In folly's ecstasy, and casts aloft 
High swelling words against the ears of Zeus. 
Right well I trust-if justice grants the word- 
That, by the might of Zeus, a bolt of flame 
In more than semblance shall descend on him. 
Against his vaunts, though reckless, I have set, 
To make assurance sure, a warrior stern- 
Strong Polyphontes, fervid for the fray;- 
A sturdy bulwark, he, by grace of Heaven 
And favour of his champion Artemis! 
Say on, who holdeth the next gate in ward?
POLYPHONTES goes out.

CHORUS chanting
Perish the wretch whose vaunt affronts our home! 
On him the red bolt come, 
Ere to the maiden bowers his way he cleave, 
To ravage and bereave!

THE SPY
I will say on. Eteoclus is third- 
To him it fell, what time the third lot sprang 
O'er the inverted helmet's brazen rim, 
To dash his stormers on Neistae gate. 
He wheels his mares, who at their frontlets chafe 
And yearn to charge upon the gates amain. 
They snort the breath of pride, and, filled therewith, 
Their nozzles whistle with barbaric sound. 
High too and haughty is his shield's device- 
An armed man who climbs, from rung to rung, 
A scaling ladder, up a hostile wall, 
Afire to sack and slay; and he too cries 
(By letters, full of sound, upon the shield) 
Not Ares' self shall cast me from the wall. 
Look to it, send, against this man, a man 
Strong to debar the slave's yoke from our town.

ETEOCLES pointing to MEGAREUS
Send will I-even this man, with luck to aid-
MEGAREUS departs as soon as he has been marked out.
By his worth sent already, not by pride 
And vain pretence, is he. 'Tis Megareus, 
The child of Creon, of the Earth-sprung born! 
He will not shrink from guarding of the gates, 
Nor fear the maddened charger's frenzied neigh, 
But, if he dies, will nobly quit the score 
For nurture to the land that gave him birth, 
Or from the shield-side hew two warriors down- 
Eteoclus and the figure that he lifts- 
Ay, and the city pictured, all in one, 
And deck with spoils the temple of his sire! 
Announce the next pair, stint not of thy tongue!

CHORUS chanting
O thou, the warder of my home, 
Grant, unto us, Fate's favouring tide, 
Send on the foemen doom! 
They fling forth taunts of frenzied pride, 
On them may Zeus with glare of vengeance come

THE SPY
Lo, next him stands a fourth and shouts amain, 
By Pallas Onca's portal, and displays 
A different challenge; 'tis Hippomedon! 
Huge the device that starts up from his targe 
In high relief; and, I deny it not, 
I shuddered, seeing how, upon the rim, 
It made a mighty circle round the shield- 
No sorry craftsman he, who wrought that work 
And clamped it all around the buckler's edge! 
The form was Typhon: from his glowing throat 
Rolled lurid smoke, spark-litten, kin of fire! 
The flattened edge-work, circling round the whole, 
Made strong support for coiling snakes that grew 
Erect above the concave of the shield: 
Loud rang the warrior's voice; inspired for war, 
He raves to slay, as doth a Bacchanal, 
His very glance a terror! of such wight 
Beware the onset! closing on the gates, 
He peals his vaunting and appalling cry!