The Legends of Genesis

The Legends of Genesis (originally published as Genesis: Translated and Explained) is a seminal work by Hermann Gunkel, first published in 1901. In this groundbreaking study, Gunkel applies the principles of form criticism to the Book of Genesis, arguing that its narratives are not straightforward historical accounts but rather legends shaped by oral traditions.

He posits that these stories were transmitted orally before being committed to writing, reflecting the cultural and religious milieu of ancient Israel. This perspective marked a significant departure from traditional interpretations that viewed the Genesis accounts as literal history.

Gunkel’s approach emphasizes the literary forms and genres within the biblical text, seeking to understand the social and cultural contexts that gave rise to these stories. By examining the structure and function of various narrative forms, he provides insight into how these legends served to convey theological and moral lessons to their audiences.

His work laid the foundation for subsequent studies in biblical form criticism and influenced the development of modern biblical scholarship, encouraging a more nuanced understanding of ancient texts. This translation by William Herbert Carruth was originally published in 1901.